درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Friendship-oriented leadership is one of the relatively new methods of leadership to gain a competitive advantage. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to design and formulate a friendship-oriented leadership model. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of execution method. The research community was experts and experts in the field of broadcasting leadership in 1400. The sample size was determined based on the principle of theoretical saturation of 20 people, and this number was selected by purposive sampling. The data was collected with a semi-structured interview, the validity of which was confirmed by the triangulation method and the reliability was calculated with the Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.66. The data were analyzed by open, central and selective coding method based on database theory in MAXQDA software. Findings: The findings showed that 108 indicators were identified in 11 sub-categories and 6 main categories for the friendship-oriented leadership model; So that the friendship-oriented leadership model in the category of causal conditions includes individual abilities and capabilities and follower conditions, in the category of contextual conditions including organizational characteristics, demographic factors and human resources mechanism, in the category of intervening conditions including the organizational environment and extra-organizational factors, in the category of central phenomenon including leadership Friendship-oriented, in the category of strategies included leadership strategies, and in the category of consequences, it included positive consequences and negative consequences. Finally, the paradigm model of friendship-oriented leadership was designed. Conclusion: Specialists and organizational planners can use the categories and indicators identified for the friendship-oriented leadership model to improve their organization and create a competitive advantage and improve them in their organization.

Purpose: Examining the factors affecting the social role of the higher education system can help in its improvement. Thus, this research aimed to identify and rate the factors affecting the social role of the academic system based on interpretive structural equations. Methodology: Regarding aim, this study was of applied type and considering method of implementation, it was cross-sectional. The research population consisted of the qualitative section of documents and texts related to the research and experts of this field. Fifty documents and texts were chosen via purposive sampling method, and 10 experts were selected via purposive sampling method as the sample. The data were collected through taking notes from the documents and texts as well as surveying experts about a researcher-made questionnaire, and analyzed further via interpretive structural equations method in PLS software. Findings: The results indicated that the factors affecting the social role of the higher education system include 11 factors including making the academic curricula challenging, promoting social participation forms, preparing students for public jobs, active civic curriculum, training and learning social responsibility, research-orientedness, social projects, training qualified individuals, attention to the views of social beneficiaries in the academic system, and training social sensitivity. The results of interpretive structural equations indicated that the factor of promoting social participation problem claimed the first rank, followed by research-orientedness and training qualified individuals at the second level, training and learning social responsibility at the third level, factors of making academic curricula challenging and preparing students for public jobs at the fourth level, factors of active civic curriculum factors, attention to the views of social beneficiaries in the academic system and training social sensitivity at the fifth level, factor of developing eligible citizens at the sixth level, and factor of social projects at the seventh level. Based on that, the interpretive structural model of factors affecting the social role of the academic system was designed. Conclusion: Based on the present study results, planners and experts of higher education can benefit from the present study results, and use the identified factors affecting the social role of the academic system for improving the status of university and acquiring competitive advantage.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to rank municipality efficiency by stimulating job performance of employees and managers of municipalities of north Khuzestan Province through cultural intelligence based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) linear programming model. Methodology: The present study was applied in terms of objective and descriptive survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this study included experts and managers of municipalities of north Khuzestan Province. The statistical sample was selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools were cultural intelligence questionnaire by Ang et al. (2004), occupational performance questionnaire by Alirezaei et al. (2012). Findings: Finally, it was concluded that, in order of priority, Dezful, Lali, Shush, Izeh, and Masjed Soleiman were the most efficient municipalities. Conclusion: According to the present study, it was found that the cultural intelligence of employees and managers has a positive effect on their job performance