درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Emerging adulthood (EA) theory has been proposed as a distinct developmental period between adolescence and adulthood by Arnett in 2000. This construct is promptly embraced by contemporary scholars, and research on emerging adulthood increased over the past decade in many countries, but yet questions remained about the universality of emerging adulthood. This article is extracted from a pioneer research on emerging adulthood theory in Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate applicability of the theory and its five characteristics in Iranian society. Methodology: Participants included six hundred ninety four undergraduate students, aged 18 to 25. The Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA) was used. Findings: Results showed that a majority of Iranian university students viewed themselves as being emerging adults. The five characteristics of emerging adulthood predominantly endorsed by Participants. Some gender and age differences were observed in endorsement of emerging adulthood characteristics. Discussion: These findings support existence of the new life stage in Iran. As a result, the applicability of the theory and its dimensions confirmed in this community.

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to predict the job satisfaction in managers and staff of the university units in District 5. Methodology: Among the statistical population of the study, 130 people (55 females and 75 males) were selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected using job satisfaction, emotional intelligence of Schutt, and job motivation questionnaires. Finding: For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient and multi-variable regression analysis were used simultaneously. So, the two predictor variables are a significant predictor of the criterion variable, that is, the variable of job satisfaction. The share of job motivation variable is higher than emotional intelligence. In other words, job motivation 57% and emotional intelligence 31% explain the variable of job satisfaction variance. Discussion: The results showed that there is a significant correlation between job satisfaction, job motivation and emotional intelligence, and on the other hand, emotional intelligence and job motivation are a significant predictor of job satisfaction.

Abstract The present investigation is an endeavor to scrutinize the Iranian EFL professors’ and teachers’ viewpoints towards the status quo as well as the constituents of the current Iranian EFL national curriculum. Two questionnaires based on teachers and experts’ focus groups and study’s objectives were designed. The participants of the study included 306 Iranian EFL teachers and 13 Iranian EFL professors. The teachers’ questionnaire was analyzed through SPSS version 21 and the professors’ questionnaire was analyzed through coding. The findings revealed that both teachers and professors do not have positive attitudes towards the new curriculum. In spite of the educational reform in Iran and writing the new curriculum and the new textbooks, time allotment, load of skills in each English book, and untrained teachers hinder the new curriculum to reach its target, i.e. communication with the world. Therefore, to fulfill the objectives of the new curriculum, Educational Department of Iran should remove the difficulties.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to provide the impact of learning organization components on innovation in the Islamic Azad University. The prediction of the risks and opportunities facing organizations in the future will give us the opportunity to decide, before we get into trouble. Planning for organizational change and improvement through lifelong learning to cope with organizational challenges for sustainable organizational development and survival is a prerequisite. Methodology: This study is descriptive- survey research. The study population were all the faculty members of Islamic Azad University in Shabestar in 2016 (n=271) that 170 members were selected by stratified random on base of Kerjeci and Morgan table. Findings: To collect the data, Goh learning organization questionnaire and Saatchi & et al innovation questionnaire was used. The construct validity of learning organization questionnaire and organizational innovation were confirmed. Learning organization reliability was calculated α = (0.843) and organizational innovation was calculated α = (0.811) using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Obtained data by SPSS and LISREL software and the calculation of descriptive and inferential statistics (Confirmatory Factor Analysis, structural equations model) were analyzed. Conclusion: The results showed that the components of learning organization had positive and significant impact on organizational innovation and model fitting was confirmed.

Purpose: Most couples face communication problems in their marital life. Disturbing relationships have devastating effects on their physical and social performance. Methodology: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of communication imaging therapy (IMG therapy) with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the mental health of couples. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, after-test, control and follow-up two months. The statistical population of this study consisted of all couples referring to counseling centers located in 6th district of Tehran in 1965-96. By using available sampling, 90 people were randomly selected and randomly assigned to three groups of 30 people. They responded to the Mental Health Questionnaire in three stages (Goldberg, 1972). The groups received 8 sessions of Ninety-minute training in association with treatment and admission therapy (ACT), and did not receive an interventional control. Findings: The results showed a significant decrease in the mental health score in the experimental group compared with the control group in the post-test and follow up stage. Since the implementation of the intervention training of communication imaging therapy therapy (EMG) with acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) Mental health of couples is influential. Discussion: these couple therapy approaches can be used as a useful strategy for creating coherence and creating a conscious relationship to the interaction of mental elements to improve couples' relationships.

Purpose: In 2007, a responsible management education program began working on a global scale at the United Nations. This program is a framework for changing curriculum, research and orientation, and experimenting with new educational methods. The program seeks to create social responsibility among graduates of the educational system. The conditions for regulating affairs through social commitment, which is one of the important pillars of your social system, can create a discipline in society and provide predictive power. Social commitment is a factor for the satisfaction of the mutual needs of the community as well as social solidarity. The purpose of this paper is to identify the components of responsible management education and to examine educational practices and provide responsive instructional solutions to improve the status quo. Methodology: In this paper, the Atrid-Sterling (2001) method used to analyzing the subject in deductive approach. Findings: The research environment included 46 papers from 2007 to 2017, a book, and a thesis addressing directly the subject of management education. Findings of this study based on the six principles of responsible management education (purpose, values, method, research, participation, dialogue). Discussion: These findings include 16 themes organizer. they named (student initiatives, promotion of curriculum, the use of value concepts in the training course, institutional solutions, evaluation, infrastructure, training procedures, internal support, research results, participation with industries, participation with industrial universities, participation with the private sector, participation with learners, participation with other organizations, Communication tools and selection methods) as well as 48 basic themes.

Introduction: Students from any country are considered as intellectual and spiritual resources of the country and their issues and problems are important for successful study and providing their physical and mental well-being. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Spiritual Health and Self-Awareness with Positive-Thinking in second-grade female high school students of district one of Tehran city. Methodology: The present study was a descriptive (correlational) one in terms of method and an applied one in terms of the purpose. The statistical population of the present study was second-grade female high school students of district one of Tehran city in the academic year of 2017-2018. The sample of the study was 100 students who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data collection was done by Self-Awareness Questionnaire by Fenigstein, Scheier & Buss (1975), Self-Awareness Questionnaire by Oxford Argyle (2001), and Psychological Well-being Questionnaire by Pulotsin and Ellison (1982). For statistical analysis, the mean and standard deviation of descriptive statistics and multivariate regression were used at the level of inferential statistics and the correlation coefficient was used using SPSS22 software at a significance level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that the relationship between Spiritual Health and Self-Awareness with Positive-Thinking was significant in the female high school students in Tehran city, so that these two variables had the ability to predict Positive-Thinking and were able to explain Positive-Thinking variable to 14.4 percent (P <0.01). Conclusion: Self-awareness and its role in Spiritual Health showed that self-awareness was related to mental and physical well-being.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family functioning and attitude towards delinquency in adolescents. Methodology: The research method was correlational. The statistical population of the study included all high school students in Babol in the academic year of 2016-2017. Among them, 689 people (334 boys and 355 girls) were selected by cluster sampling method. The research tool was Fazli’s questionnaire for attitude towards delinquency and McMaster family functioning scale. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between family functioning and its dimensions including problem solving, roles, communication, emotional attachment, emotional association, control, and attitude towards delinquency. Findings: The results of stepwise multivariate regression indicated that among the components of family functioning, only the component of roles explained the 0.03 of the variance of attitude towards delinquency. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that in schools, family education programs should have emphasized the family psychological empowerment and promotion of family functioning. Family counselors should also work on counseling sessions and work with families to improve family functioning, in particular, component of roles.

Purpose: The aim of present study is investigation the role of family functioning and generation gap in the relationship between parental controls style and addiction to social networks. Methodology: The present study is a descriptive one. Theoretical bases of the study were collected by reputable sites, books and related articles. The information and data for hypothesis testing were gathered by standard and a researcher-made questionnaire. Statistical society was all of male and female student of the second year of high schools in district 5 of Tehran (140 persons). After data collection, data analysis was performed using SPSS and PLS. In this study, Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was approved. Validity of the questionnaire was accepted by expert opinion of university and reliability of that was calculated by Cronbach's alpha and the value of that was 0.82. Findings: Results showed that family functioning and generation gap have significant roles in the relationship between parental controls style and addiction to social networks. Discussion: Therefore, it can be concluded that by improving family functioning and reducing the generation gap, better control of addiction to social networks can be created.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of Persian literature books in the first grade of high school based on the components of educational and critical knowledge from the perspective of experts and teachers. Methodology: The method of this research is a type of evaluation study, which has been used to carry out the field research methodology. The statistical population includes curriculum specialists (118 people) and teachers of Persian literature in the first grade of high school in Mazandaran province (940 people). Stratified random sampling method was used to select 272 teachers and 92 curriculum specialists based on Cochran formula. A researcher-made questionnaire was developed using the nominal scale and Likert scale. The face and content validity of the questionnaire has been approved by the supervisors and counselors as well as a group of relevant curriculum specialists and relevant teachers who have sufficient expertise in the subject matter of the research. The reliability of the tool is confirmed by the Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.924. Descriptive statistics such as abundance and average percentages were used in the data analysis method and X2 test was used to test the assumptions. Findings: According to the findings of this research and based on the fact that the centralized educational system of Iran, where textbooks are considered to be the most basic educational resources available to teachers and students, in order to fulfill the curriculum objectives based on the components of critical and educational competence, the content of these textbooks was analyzed. Discussion: to formulate curriculum, which leads to the creation of interesting questions and the creation of Interested in reading new concepts based on documentation and away from any individual biases

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a self-awareness education package based on the logo-therapy approach in order to improve the self-control of adolescent girls. Methodology: The method of this study was a combined method. The statistical population of the study was all theologians and professors in the field of the domain of logo-therapy. Sample size was determined by referring to the saturation rule of 15 people who were selected purposefully. In order to achieve the goal of research, the establishment of the general headings of the package, the conversion of general headings to more precise titles, establishment of the purpose for each heading, the compilation of the content necessary to achieve the purposes, qualitative and quantitative review of the package to the opinion of the experts, were done. Findings: The results of the content validity analysis of the package, according to the experts, showed that CVR = 0.73 and CVI = 0.83, both of them were in the optimum level and the content validity of the package was confirmed. Also, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for determining the internal consistency of experts in the component of self-communication was 0.73, in the component of communication with the others was 0.77 and for the component of communication with the universe was 0.79. Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, it is suggested that psychotherapists use the self-awareness training package (based on the logo-therapy approach) in order to correct attitudes to strengthen self-control in adolescent girls.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the ethical leadership with organizational citizenship behavior and the school principals’ performance (Case study: elementary schools in Tehran) in the academic year of 2017-2018. Methodology: The research method was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of the data collection. The population consisted of all 1353 elementary school principals in Tehran; 298 people (159 female principals and 139 male principals), were used as sample size using Morgan table and a stratified random sampling. The method of data collection was based on three questionnaires: Ethical Leadership Standard Questionnaire by De Hoogh & Den Hartog (2008), Organizational Citizenship Behavior Standard Questionnaire by Podsakoff et al. (1990), and Principals’ Performance Questionnaire by Patterson (1992; translated by Shekarshekan & Arsهادی, 2007). The reliability of this questionnaire was calculated more than 0.7 using Cronbach's alpha method for all dimensions of the questionnaire, which indicates the reliability of the research instrument. Content validity and construct validity were used to calculate the validity. The results indicated the validity of the research instrument. The data analysis was performed using SPSS-22 software in a significant level of 0.05 and in two descriptive and inferential parts (Pearson correlation coefficient test and single-variable and multiple-variable regression analysis). Findings: The results of data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between ethical leadership with the organizational citizenship behavior and principals’ performance; in other words, the principals’ performance increased with the increase of organizational citizenship behavior; also, the principals’ performance increased with the increase of ethical leadership. Conclusion: The predictive components of "fairness", "transparency of role" and "power sharing" have the potential to predict the organizational citizenship behavior and the principals’ performance.