درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Applying grounded theory (GT) as a systematic methodology, this study was to present a model for the career path adaptability (CPA) of teachers. The statistical population consisted of the experts and teachers affiliated to the Department of Education (DoE) in Iran, in the 2018-19 academic year calendar, and the samples (n=17) were selected based on snowball sampling, as a purposeful method. For this purpose, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were used as the data collection tool, and the data were then analyzed via content analysis with coding. In this line, the central phenomenon, accompanied by the main categories and subcategories, was extracted. To code the given data, 198 codes were initially identified, and 41 subcategories were subsequently formed. To validate the interviews, triangulation, member checking, and peer review were further practiced. Besides, the test-retest and inter-rater reliability techniques were exploited for the reliability purposes. In accordance with the GT outcomes, CPA as the central phenomenon was realized with respect to causal conditions, viz., organizational, career-related, personal conditions, through the strategies of career advancement, learning and training, human resources (HR) attraction/selection/recruitment, and motivation, by taking account of effective underlying conditions, namely, HR development requirements, motivational conditions, organizational culture, and leadership style. However, this phenomenon, not protected from economic, political, organizational, and personal contexts, as the intervening factors, had induced a number of outcomes, e.g., a descending trend in leaving one’s job, increased job satisfaction, higher levels of organizational commitment, delegation of authority, and cost reduction for the DOE and teachers. Ultimately, the study results gave rise to designing a CPA model for teachers, containing a central phenomenon, along with causal conditions, underlying conditions, intervening factors, strategies, and outcomes.

Nowadays, the role of motivation is important in all activities, including education and achieving academic progress, and it is necessary to analyze it. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the causal model of academic motivation based on perceived teacher support and academic optimism, the mediating role of academic self-efficacy and the effectiveness of the educational program derived from the model on students' academic engagement. As the results showed, the level of academic achievement motivation, perceived teacher support, academic optimism, academic self-efficacy and academic involvement of girls was slightly higher than that of boys, but this difference was not statistically significant. Also, from the students' point of view, the teacher's perceived support on the motivation to progress and academic self-efficacy; Academic optimism affects the motivation to progress and academic self-efficacy affects the academic motivation of students. The research method in this combined article includes; The descriptive method is of correlation type and it is a semi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group.The result of this research contains the statement of the relationship between students' academic motivation based on perceived social support and academic optimism with automatic mediation, which all these factors lead to the explanation of effective academic engagement

Although information and communication technology (ICT) is discussed in different aspects of education for a long time and numerous scholarly works have been published by Iranian researchers in Persian and English, but a study that illustrates the whole status of published works is not yet conducted. There is no reliable source to display the body of knowledge produced in this field. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate state of the art of ICT in educational system of Iran through a systematic review of scientific published papers. The present research aims in identifying, interpreting and describing the topics and approaches used by the Iranian authors to study ICT in the educational system of Iran. Achieving the identity or knowledge base of this field is performed with an descriptive-interpretive approach in order to perceive the status of technology application in the educational system of Iran. The research population includes all articles published in the journals of Education and ICT. In this regard, research articles in the field of ICT in the educational system in both Persian and English languages were searched in databases between 2001 and 2022. By using the systematic review method, a list of related keywords and concepts were searched in Persian and English databases which include related journals. After conducting the initial search and applying the inclusion criteria, 112 articles were included in the study. Finally, a detailed review and in-depth investigation was conducted by using qualitative content analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, four dimensions of ICT in the educational system were extracted: “Leadership”, “Professional development”, “Assessment”, and “Teaching-learning process”. Analyses shows that these dimensions are not considered evenly. Sub topics of these four areas as well as ignored areas are discussed. Also, future directions are proposed

performance management has become one of the most effective incentive tools. The performance of school principals in the field of leadership has been less investigated. This research was conducted with the aim of Predicting the performance of school principals in leadership based on spiritual intelligence and spirituality at workplace with the mediation of organizational intelligence. The correlation research method was based on the structural equation model. The statistical population of the research was all the public and girls’ senior high schools’ principals of Tabriz (N=270). The sample size is 160 people based on the table of Krejcie and Morgan with stratified random sampling. Albrecht's organizational intelligence questionnaires, King's spiritual intelligence questionnaires, Milliman's spirituality at work, as well as the researcher-made questionnaire of school principals' performance in leadership were used to collect data. The psychometric properties of the questionnaires are valid and reliable. PLS software was used for data analysis. The results of the structural equation model showed (P<0.05): the ability to predict the leadership performance of principals based on spirituality at work and spiritual intelligence with the mediation of organizational intelligence at a high level (R2 = 0.85) and the ability to predict organizational intelligence based on spiritual intelligence was significant (Total effect = 0.86). There is a significant positive relationship between spiritual intelligence, spirituality at work and organizational intelligence with performance (P<0.05). Based on research results, promoting spiritual and organizational intelligence in principals, as well as promoting spirituality at work in schools can improve the leadership performance of principals

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of web-based games on facilitating and enhancing reading and writing skills in learning English vocabulary. The research employed a pre-test and post-test experimental design with a control and an experiential group. Thirty-six elementary students at fourth, fifth, and sixth grades from the west of Tehran were selected as the participants who were randomly assigned to research groups. The experimental group used web-based games. Then, a checklist developed by the researchers was used to assess learning and facilitation in the two groups. Having examined the differences between the experimental group and control group by removing the pretest factor and by controlling the effect of the pretest, the study showed a significant difference in posttest (P <0.05 and F = 32.79) between the two groups. As a result, the hypothesis that educational intervention (web-based games) had a significant effect on reading and writing scores was confirmed with 95% confidence. The following results were obtained from statistical analyses: (a) Web-based learning has a significant effect on facilitating the learning of English vocabulary; and (b) Web-based learning has a significant effect on improving reading and writing skills. Therefore, the findings of this study show that using web-based games can be effective in facilitating and increasing reading and writing skills in learning English vocabulary.