درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Thermal comfort is one of the key factors for achieving energy saving in the buildings. In the survey of thermal comfort, psychological aspects are as important as the physical parameters such as temperature and relative humidity. If thermal comfort could be achieved by using non–physical parameters, a significant energy and cost would be saved. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of changing the color of inward daylight (into cool/warm), on sensation of thermal and visual comfort. This study was conducted to answer these questions: to what extent can the lights, which are traditionally called cool and warm, cause the real sensation of cold and heat? What is their influence on thermal and visual comfort? And what is the effect of changing the color of transmitted light on the occupant’s sensation of illumination? Research method is descriptive–analytical; in this study, thermal and visual effects of changing the color of inward light from the windows is surveyed, by using questionnaires, in three naturally ventilated high–schools; and the results were compared with the outputs of PMV simulation analysis. The results show that changing the inward light to a cool color (blue) and a warm color (red) resulted in a difference of 0.33°C in the sensation of thermal comfort. Moreover, the AMV in all cases had a neutral temperature below the PMV’s neutral temperature which was simulated by the software. In lower illuminance levels (lower than 300 lux) blue light aroused more visual satisfaction; but in higher illuminance levels (more than 300 lux), simple windows produced the best visual satisfaction. Red light produced the least visual satisfaction amongst these three. While, blue and red glazing generated better distribution of light in the room, than the witness group.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the preferences of urban dwellers for various elements of urban parks in order to provide some important suggestions for rehabilitation of urban deficient parks. In this regard, this study has conducted a survey in one of the oldest parks in خرمabad, Iran, to reveal the overall satisfaction of the park situation and to explore the preferences of users regarding the characteristics of appropriate hard and soft landscape elements of the park. This paper uses five independent combined analyses covering elements of the urban park, including locational, functional, physical, visual and the vegetation characteristics in order to provide the most preferable elements for rehabilitation of this park. For finding significant results, questionnaires are distributed among 100 park users during spring 2014. Findings of the research show general dissatisfaction regarding the existing condition of the park and provide some key points that can be helpful for improvement of the quality of the park based on visitors' ideas.

Density is a critical typology in determining sustainable urban built-form patterns. Built-form refers to the assemblage and arrangement of the building masses in a city reflecting the spatial layout of spaces. The relationship between density and urban character is also based on at certain densities (thresholds). In a wider sense, sustainable cities are a matter of density. Recent debates about the creation of more sustainable urban form, compact cities have led to a renewed focus on issues of density. The argument is that high density high-rise with low ground coverage or compact city form can offer a high quality of life while minimizing crime, possibility to provide adequate amenities, green and open spaces, accessibility and space consumption. However, the relationships of density and patterns built-form are not reasonably well developed and integrated into the urban design-planning processes in developing countries cities like Addis Ababa. On the hand, not many studies have been undertaken with regard to density in relation to patterns of built-forms. Therefore, this study aims to explore density in relation to patterns of built-form in the process of planning & design of urban spaces2. The analysis is based on the primary sources as well as secondary documents collected from the concerned agencies and related references. The findings illustrate that high density high-rise with low ground coverage patterns of built-forms can offer better possibilities for installing good spatial quality3 of urban spaces. It concludes with an overview of emerging thinking/implications where further efforts are required in the future