درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Architectural design has grown alongside the expansion of digitalism's aspects, and design initiatives are the product of several collaborations, interactions, and nodes. Focusing on an architectural competition as a case s tudy, this article demons trates how the architectural design process works by highlighting the characteris tics of a network produced by the assemblage between heterogeneous nodes. These assemblages could modify every design phase and outcome according to their s trengths and weaknesses. Therefore, the socio-technical aspect of the design process is used to demons trate the reciprocal relationship between nodes as humans and nonhumans. This paper uses a qualitative approach by using the methodological aspect of actor-network theory to map the intricacies of the design process from three independent narrations to give complementary components to form the design process's multiplex network. Thus, the s tudy proposes a paradigm for exhibiting and grasping the complex data network in architectural design and boos ting the value of unseen data that may significantly impact outcomes.

Over time, the use of underground spaces has changed and has been considered for various other purposes. Many US1 built for a specific period with a specific purpose have been left without a specific function today. The reason for this can be considered the lack of a clear and codified plan in the face of these spaces. Therefore, the importance of underground issues related to US jus tifies the inclusion of UUS2 in urban index sys tems. Hence, due to the depletion of activity, many US today have created bubbles lacking function under the skin of cities; with proper identification, it will be possible to use them in the service of cities and citizens. Thus, the main Goals of Current research are -Recognizing the characteris tics of US -The typology of the urban US, and -Solutions to reproduce the urban US. This research is a scientific review, and the information collected is documentary-oriented. The lack of reliable sources in the fields of architecture and civil engineering in the subject of US, geographical extent, and diversity of species of these spaces on the planet show the importance of this research. Therefore, typology and solutions for reproducing urban US are presented from two methods of inves tigating the theoretical foundations and known projects in the field of US. The present s tudy's findings based on the literature review and reproduction of US showed that these spaces could be defined into six categories.

The s tudy methodology is a mixed research method that is contextual and semantic in terms of the data's nature; in terms of the logic of thinking, the s tudy method is deductive, and in terms of the analysis levels, it is analytical-interpretive. The selected s trategy of this research is grounded theory, with the preliminary analyses (qualitative research method) being conducted based on S trauss and Corbin's sys tematic coding using MaxQDA software. Then, in the second s tage, the importance coefficients of the topics extracted from semi-s tructured interviews were analyzed using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) using Expert Choice Software. The research findings indicate that mos t of the respondents find "recognition and creation of emotional bond through the use of the pas t generations'' memories" and "the neighborhood's his torical form and shape" as two selectable solutions and, of course, in the authors'' minds, considering the population growth and increase in the demands for new houses in the intended texture and, consequently, increase in the number of cons tructions and the change in the city's countenance, these solutions seem to be somewhat illogical. "The necessity for amending the urban and regional criteria and regulations," and also, "enhancing the awareness of the designers and the area's addressees," and, subsequently, "reducing the influence of the designers'' tas tes" are the other factors that seem to be more widely applicable for they can prevent the emergence of visual abnormalities on the façades to a large extent.

Throughout his tory, the relationship between architecture and philosophy has been intricately intertwined. In the 1990s, architectural theory witnessed a significant influx of theoretical and critical debates influenced by French philosophy. This scholarly article delves into the intricate connection between architecture and philosophy, specifically focusing on transforming architectural discourse from theoretical and critical debates by French philosophy to an antitheoretical s tandpoint. Emphasizing the emergence of (neo-)pragmatism within architectural theory, it closely examines the pivotal role played by translating philosophical concepts, particularly those derived from the works of Deleuze and Guattari, in this paradigm shift. Employing a research methodology centered around thematic analysis, the s tudy explores the multifaceted relationship between architecture and philosophy, shedding light on Deleuze's philosophical framework as evident in the publications of the es teemed Anyone Corporation. The theoretical framework serves as a lens through which the difference, transformation, and change within the translation of Deleuze's ideas into architectural theory are meticulously examined. The findings conclude that architects selectively incorporate certain significant tenets from Deleuze's philosophy, such as smooth spaces, the fold, and the diagram. Furthermore, while the interaction between philosophy and architecture fos ters fruitful exchanges, it also gives rise to criticisms for ins trumentalizing philosophy and utilizing buzzwords without fully grasping their intended contexts. Ultimately, this article underscores architecture and philosophy's reciprocal dependence and interconnectedness as dis tinct yet interdependent disciplines, emphasizing the significance of transdisciplinarity and disciplinary cons titution.