درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose- The main purpose of this study was to identify the drivers responsible for instability of livelihood and to investigate the extent and manner of their influences on each other and on the future livelihood status of villagers in Marivan County. Design/methodology/approach - Applying a descriptive-analytical method and Delphi Technique, the present applied research identifies first, the most important drivers of the current situation of livelihood instability and their eliminating impact on the future livelihood of the deprived villagers in Marivan County. Moreover, applying cross-impact method in Mick Mac software, it analyzes the effect and direct influence of these drivers on each other. Findings- The most important drivers of livelihood instability of rural people in the county are a total of 36 drivers in five categories as follows: Economic failures with the influence (346) and dependence (371), social failures with the influence (290) and dependence (315), environmental-physical failures with the influence (172) and dependence (176), institutional-managerial failures with the influence (351) and dependence (287) and trans-regional failures with the influence (23) and dependence (12). Among them the institutional-managerial failures have the most direct influence (315) and the economic failures have the most direct dependence (371) on the other drivers. The regulatory and two-dimensional drivers and their situation on the graph shows the continuing instability of the villagers’ livelihood in future, thus, this will increase deserted villages and wasted water and soil resources in the region. Research Limitations/Implications- The dispersion of a large number of villages, their small sizes in addition to their lack of accessibility, and the lack of cooperation of some experts to conduct interviews were among the main limitations of the present study. Practical implications - It is suggested to teach villagers about the basic principles of entrepreneurship and taking risks and identifying opportunities. In this regard, making use of entrepreneurial villagers with successful experiences and non-governmental organizations in the region can be effective. Ultimately, plans and programs should be designed and implemented for the regulatory drivers such as fatalism, lack of crisis management policies, recognizing rural development as equal to the traditional agriculture development. Originality/Value- The outcome of this study can be an introduction for subsequent studies for formulating scenarios, executive strategies, policies and planning in order to move towards sustainable livelihoods and the realization of a favorable livelihood for the villagers.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rough analysis process to select the most effective functions of supply chain flexibility based on the propositions of integration of competitive values in the petrochemical industry. The methodology of this research is hybrid and to perform it from meta-synthesis analysis; Delphi and Rough collection used. The target population in the qualitative sector was similar research and academic experts in the field of industrial management. However, the target population was a small number of 23 managers with experience in petrochemical companies, which is acceptable from the statistical population due to the need to analyze the Rough process. In this study, based on the combined analysis of selected researches, 5 propositions of competitive value integration and 5 components of supply chain flexibility were determined, which entered the Rough collection analysis phase according to the confirmation of theoretical adequacy based on Delphi analysis. The results in this section identify the most effective propositions of integration of competitive values of companies operating in the petrochemical industry, three propositions of demand-based management propositions (P2); creating innovative values (P3) and reducing operating time (P5), which affects the flexibility of the supply chain and causes the flexibility of financing as the most effective component of the flexibility functions in the supply chain in the petrochemical industry.