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Through a critical auto-ethnographic account of miscarriage and grief, I explore what it means to inherit Islam as a tradition through care-based modes of knowing. Through Muslim-feminist theorizing, I blend Quranic narratives of care with maternal lineages of Islam I have inherited through care, that not only guide how I think about care Islamically, but also, how I practice care in my relations as a Muslim. I also illustrate the value of intertextuality of care as it is experienced across lived time, and across generations, within systems of kin and the need to let go of monolithic senses of tradition, and moral epistemology, within our practice of comparative care ethics. I draw a parallel between colonial, and white-orientated modes of knowing Muslims, and Islam, and grounded care-based modes of knowing by which we come to know and inhabit our practices of Islam in caring as, and being cared for , as Muslims.

Background: Metabolic diseases such as type 1 diabetes is considered the most important threat factor for cardiovascular complaint. Although the pathological mechanisms underpinning the development of T1D are delicate to define, better understanding of the molecular aspects is most important to identify new remedial targets.Aim: Evaluating of the effect of two selected resistance and recreational sport activities on microRNA-148a expression and some biomarkers in children with type 1 diabetes.Materials and Methods: Twenty type 1 diabetic children were assigned randomly to resistance exercise (RE), (n=10, age=12.6 years), and recreational sport activities (RSA), (n=10, age=12.4 years) groups. Participants engaged in an 8-week exercise training, 3 sessions/week. The miR-148-a, HbA1c, glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels have been assessed before and after exercise interventions.Results: Following the exercise interventions, the concentration of miR-148-a exhibited a non-significant increase in both groups. Nevertheless, no significant differences were noted in the reduction of insulin resistance or in the levels of insulin itself (P≤ 0.05). The level of HbA1c decreased but the cardio-respiratory endurance of subjects increased.Conclusion: Both the resistance and recreational sport activities were effective to improve in cardiorespiratory fitness, diabetic markers, and miR-148a changes that seem to be indicative of the pathological status of type 1 diabetic children.

This paper reviews 70 scholarly studies to explore and organize key methodologies in architectural design research through a systematic lens. It is grounded on three widely used frameworks: Frayling's research into, through, and for design; Cross's typology of design knowledge as epistemological, praxeological, and phenomenological; and Buchanan's basic, applied, and clinical research model. The study employed a structured review procedure, following PRISMA guidelines, to evaluate articles from 1982 to 2023 in major scholarly databases. A shared set of strategies and methods was also developed for each type of design research. The proposed conceptual framework—derived from the timing of the research intervention (pre-, through-, or post-design)—provided a more distinct charting of the research landscape. It revealed prevalent clusters of design research practice, each shaped by unique pairs of epistemological emphasis and methodological stance. Based on past studies, this research developed a further typology known as research through design (II), an expansion of the three earlier categories. By offering a distinct and understandable classification, the article aims to assist architecture students, instructors, and novice researchers in selecting the most suitable research approaches. The conclusions enhance the clarity of architectural education and help position design research as a central component of both academic study and professional practice.

From a temporal perspective, we observe the presence and distribution of beveled rim bowls in Iran and Mesopotamia from the mid-fourth millennium BC until the beginning of the Bronze Age. The large production and specific shape of this pottery, alongside its extensive distribution, have prompted many archaeologists to study this subject. Beveled rim bowls is categorized into two types: Uruk and proto Elamite, based on their shape and structure. The geographical conditions in Iran have differentiated the distribution of this pottery compared to Mesopotamia. During this period, the Uruk type gradually changed in structure and transformed into the proto Elamite type. The regions of Khuzestan, Central Zagros, and the Central Plateau have the highest density of sites and pottery in Iran, connecting these centers through intermediary areas. According to the studies conducted, this distribution in Iran has been exported to various other regions by local elites or specific groups of people. Perhaps, this group consisted of local merchants who, through migration, spread the proto Elamite culture in Iran, while the Uruk type of beveled rim bowl was produced and distributed for economic or political purposes in significant sites such as Susa, Chogha Mish, Tepe Yahya, Sefalin, and Godin Tepe.

Two policies of carbon tax are considered by many countries for reduce carbon emissions. First policy emphasized on tax and second policy notice subsidy for carbon emission control. The results show that according to conditions, two policies can effective on reducing carbon emissions and technology development. A carbon tax Policy is needed to reduce carbon emissions in logistics systems. The purpose of this paper is to present effect of carbon tax policies for logistics in Iran pulp and paper industry. The research method is descriptive and data collection is survey, Samples consists two groups. The first group are experts for proposing possible Policy and deter-mining evaluation indices and selecting the appropriate Policy. The second group are managers in pulp and paper company for choose an appropriate Policy. Effect of factors on carbon tax was determined by experts’ interviews and fuzzy mean. Two suitable policies that covers the fossil fuels, were selected for simulation by VENSIM software. We considered 10 years for test and 10 years for simulation. Results showed both policies affect pollution reduction, reducing the fossil fuels consumption, reduction of emissions and increase innovation in the logistics system. The second policy that is carrying out carbon tax is more effective than the first policy which paying subsidies to reduce emissions.

In recent decades, language educators have taken advantage of technological advancements in the language classroom, and L2 learners have voiced their interests, concerns, and preferences about those technological advancements. The current investigation was designed to find out the attitudes of Iranian intermediate IELTS candidates towards using digital multimodal composing (DMC) and massive online open courses (MOOC) in their speaking classes. To achieve this aim, a sample of 60 male and female EFL learners at the intermediate level were selected based on volunteer sampling procedures. Subsequently, the participants were assigned to the two conditions of DMC and MOOC. The two groups were exposed to the same instructional materials, with the difference being that in DMC, the learners had to produce videos during the course and post them on the Flip platform for their peers and teacher to review and comment. They then could use the feedback to make corrections/revisions; in the MOOC condition, the learners signed up for an IELTS course on futurelearn.com and received video presentations, pdf articles, and quizzes, and they were asked to leave comments or react to each other's' comments during the course. Each group received a researcher-made attitude questionnaire at the end of the course and expressed their opinions about the treatment they were exposed to. Not surprisingly, both groups welcomed the use of DMC and MOOC and had positive attitudes towards incorporating such techniques into speaking courses. Based on these findings, this study presents a discussion of certain pedagogical implications.

This quasi-experimental study investigated the comparative effects of two instructional approaches – cooperative learning and a hybrid model integrating cooperative and competitive elements – on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' writing proficiency. Participants (n = 23) were female EFL learners aged 16 to 45 (Mage = 30.5) selected through convenience sampling and homogenized based on their Preliminary English Test scores. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups. Both groups received pre- and post-tests. The experimental groups received instruction using either a cooperative learning approach or a hybrid approach incorporating both cooperative and competitive elements. Repeated Measures ANOVA was employed to analyze the data. Results indicated that the hybrid approach significantly outperformed the cooperative learning approach in enhancing learners' writing complexity, accuracy, and fluency. These findings suggest that integrating competitive elements within a cooperative framework can significantly improve EFL learners' writing proficiency, offering valuable pedagogical implications for educators and materials developers.