درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose- The "Smart Village" approach includes long-term social, economic, and environmental activities of the rural community that involve widespread participation in local governance processes, promoting entrepreneurship, preserving the rural environment and, ultimately, sustainable development of rural areas. Therefore, the development of scenarios that facilitate the realization of the smart village approach in the peri-urban settlements of the metropolis of Tehran should be emphasized.Design/methodology/approach-This research is a descriptive-analytical study from the perspective of its objectives it is applied. Data and information were collected through library research, documentary studies, and survey methods (interviews). By reviewing scientific sources and conducting interviews with experts, 57 influencing factors of the smart village approach on the sustainability of peri-urban settlements were identified, categorized into 5 dimensions, and a total of 35 people, including managers of relevant organizations and university experts, were interviewed. The analysis of data was based on futures studies techniques, including structural analysis and mutual effects analysis (done using Micmac and Scenario Wizard software).Finding- The research findings show that there are a very large number of possible scenarios for the impact of the smart village on the sustainability of peri-urban settlements in the metropolis of Tehran within the range of Islamshahr County. Among them, 14 scenarios have weak compatibility and only 1 scenario is in a state of strong and sustainable compatibility (zero incompatibility). The first scenario, which is a positive one, has a mutual effect score of 733 and a compatibility value of 13, while the second scenario, which indicates unfavorable conditions for the future impact of the smart village on sustainable development, has a mutual effect score of -144 and a compatibility value of 5. The third scenario also has a compatibility value of -2 and with a mutual effect score of 63, it can be one of the impactful scenarios for the smart village on the sustainability of peri-urban settlements in the metropolis of Tehran. At the end of the research, operational suggestions are presented to enhance the indices of a smart village to achieve sustainable development in the rural settlements of the studied area.Originality/Value - For the first time in Iran, scenarios have been developed on the impact of smart villages on the sustainability of peri-urban settlements, and from this perspective, it is innovative and among the first research in the field.

Abstract According to the importance of cooperative learning based on constructivism in better learning of the material, which has been demonstrated in many types of research, these techniques make students exchange information and opinions, help each other and get help. Cooperative learning and the conduction of constructivism in learning, increase group cohesion and enable students to interact with others and examine learning from all aspects. To conduct this research, 30 senior students with the age range of 16 to 18 and based on the English level proficiency test to ensure the same language level of them, were selected. Then the target students were divided into two experimental and control groups and the pre-test was taken from them. After grouping, English language teaching was done to the students of the experimental group based on constructivism and cooperative learning, and after a certain period (five weeks), a post-test was taken from them, and Stephen's cooperative learning questionnaire (2007) was given to the students, and then the data was collected and analyzed and T-Test, ANOVA, paired sample test were conducted. The most important findings, in the present research in the first stage, were the impact of constructivism and cooperative learning on English learning of the students who were trained and achieved the most effective cooperative learning techniques, and in the second stage recognized that students use the technique of group dynamics and then feedback and doing project work respectively based on Stephen's cooperative learning questionnaire (2007).