درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Architecturally, the Seljuqs' dominion makes a significant shift from the Pre-Islamic Sassanid squinches into a sophisticated transition mechanism employed to change the walls of a square chamber to an octagonal base to set a dome which this initiated a new construction methodology to hybridize the previous experiences of Sassanid domes with new architectural tendencies since the previous understanding of the transition zone was a makeshift in quality, not consistent enough for future architectural adventures in creating larger structures. Although a cursory investigation of transition zones of Seljuq dome chambers in some respects might reveals a fairly homogeneous framework, it has never meant the stagnation of architectural creativity in different parts of Seljuk territory. On the other hand, the typology and local schools of Seljuq transitions zones of dome chambers have not been thoroughly considered by geographical centralism in Iran. For a better understanding of the standardization of various techniques considered in Seljuq architecture between 11th and 12th centuries in order to spanning the cubic structure to a circular plan, this project is aimed to clarify three various schools of architectural articulation concerning transition zone in the Seljuq dome chambers.

Living space is a place of relaxation, and those with a sense of attachment to the environment are more satisfied with their living space. According to the literature, being in nature is very effective in creating positive emotions in people. In recent years, living in apartments has made people away from nature affecting their positive feelings about their living space. This study aimed to investigate to what extent and how direct relationship with nature affects dwellers’ place attachment in residential areas? The main research question is that what is the relationship between the direct contact with nature in residential areas and level of place attachment? The research method in this article is mixed. Considering the qualitative method, the basic concepts of the research are presented based on the analysis of the content in the environmental psychology and nature–human interactions; and then the criteria for creating a sense of place attachment in the residential areas are extracted. This can be used as a basis for developing a questionnaire. In the quantitative method, the effect of nature on place attachment is measured using a questionnaire. Based on the findings, it can be argued that green space can form stronger relationships between individuals and the environment. Finally, according to the results of this study and confirmed the significance of green space, designers need to consider more clearly the relevance of this important natural element in their future designs.

As s tudents spend one-third of their time at school, their health, comfort, and productivity are mos tly influenced by thermal condition and indoor air quality of classrooms. Regarding that manual window-opening is a common way for providing fresh air in classes and s tudents aren't allowed to change their uniform, position or control the windows during the lesson hours, providing thermal comfort in winters may cause a lack of fresh air and therefore, dissatisfaction. This article is trying to evaluate the indoor air quality, and thermal condition of the classrooms, in two typical classrooms for 15-16-year-old girls in Arak, Iran. The overall s tudy objective is to compare indoor microclimate measured parameters, with (1) s tudents' subjective judgment, collected through a ques tionnaire, and (2) s tandards and to inves tigate the effects of microclimate on the indoor environmental condition of classrooms. According to the results, the thermal sensation of the students depends on their clothing rate and their understanding of the thermal state. In contrast, their thermal satisfaction is affected by the amount of fresh air provided. In winter, because of closed windows, students are mostly dissatisfied with the air quality and, therefore, thermal comfort, while in spring that the indoor environmental conditions meet the standards; the students feel satisfied with the conditions. The results of this research show that the indoor environment of the classrooms is mainly influenced by internal loads; consequently, its thermal condition is not a defining parameter.

In exploring the evolution of Iranian architecture from prototypes to the present day, Qajar architecture is an important part of Iranian architecture history. The importance of this era's architecture is because large changes in conceptual and physical context occurred slowly in Iranian architecture during this time. These changes, especially from the Nasserian period (the second Qajar era), have intensified and with the influence of Western architecture, Iranian architecture is gradually moving away from its traditional, rooted forms, manifestations and concepts, and blending European architectural patterns with Iranian models and styles to the extent that architecture progresses. These changes in Residential buildings (especially mansions) also appeared. Therefore, in this study, a comparison between the architecture of the residential buildings of the three periods of Qajar dynasties has been carried out to compare the changes of each period. The results showed that Qajar architecture has been influenced by western and European architecture from beginning to end.

This study aims to build a model for the management and institutional organization to conservation and development of the Yesemek archaeological site in Gaziantep, Turkey. The scope of this research is the Yesemek archaeological site, which is known as the Yesemek Stone Quarry and Sculpture Workshop. Yesemek is the first outdoor sculpture workshop known in his tory. It is significant to preserve the Yesemek archaeological site, which has a unique value in Anatolian and Mesopotamian cultures with its original value and to pass on to the next generations. However, multidirectional planning and implementation processes are needed to protect and improve the area. The management of this complex process requires an institutional organization model based on the principles of efficiency participation, cooperation, transparency, and sustainability. As a result of the research, a model of cultural heritage management consisting of governance, spatial, socio-economic, cultural, and financial programs for sustainable protection and improvement in the case of Yesemek archaeological site is defined.

Light plays an important role in the valuation of architectural elements, and it is a factor in designing spaces. Elements have no visual identity without light. This paper is intended to analyze the lighting in the vault of Shahrak-e-Gharb Jame Mosque with an emphasis on the role of daylight in order to find out how the designer has viewed the use of daylight in designing this mosque. The main ques tion of this research is, “what is the role of natural daylight within the vault of Shahrak-e-Gharb Jame Mosque?”. For this purpose, the light intensity was measured in the Shabes tan and the vault of the mosque as an architectural monument using photometric ins truments. Then, the trajectory of natural light was simulated using DIALux during a whole year, and the results were analyzed indicating that the role of natural light as an identity element in exhibiting the luminance of the mihrab has been neglected, and the light intensity seems uniform and boring within the vault.