درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) is a new neuro-modulatory technique.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a-tDCS on dynamic balance after exhaustion.Material and Methods: Fifteen endurance-trained men voluntarily attended five separate sessions. In the first session, Maximal aerobic speed (MAS) was measured. Then, the participants were randomly assigned to four different conditions: 1. Mental fatigue (MF)+a-tDCS, 2. MF+sham (s-tDCS), 3. a-tDCS, and 4. s-tDCS. In each session, after dynamic balance measurement, the participants were exposed to the conditions and received 20 min of anodal tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Then, the participants performed a submaximal endurance activity at 70% of MAS until exhaustion. Immediately after exhaustion, dynamic balance was measured again.Results: After exhaustion, the dynamic balance of the right leg under the a-tDCS condition was significantly higher than the MF+s-tDCS (P= 0.008). The dynamic balance significantly decreased from pre- to post-test in MF+s-tDCS and s-tDCS conditions (P= 0.0001). In the left leg, the dynamic balance under the a-tDCS condition was significantly higher than MF+s-tDCS (P= 0.025).Conclusions: Anodal stimulation of the DLPFC could be beneficial for the dynamic balance and may have a protective effect against the negative consequence of exhausting activity on the dynamic balance in endurance-trained men.

Background: Community-based rehabilitation is a multi-dimensional approach to improve the function and quality of life to mentally ill people. Aim: This study examined the effect of rehabilitation protocol that were the spine strengthening exercises on adult mentally disabled men with upper body anomalies. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 28 educable mentally disabled with the age range of 30-45. These subjects had positional hyperkyphosis angle, more than 45° and FHP more than 46°. They were randomly divided into two groups of experimental (n=16) and control (n=12). Experimental group followed the three-step training protocol for two months. A spinal mouse and a digital camera were used to measure the deviation of thoracic area’s hyperkyphosis and the FHP angle respectively. The dependent and independent t-tests were applied for within and between groups’ comparisons respectively. The significance level was considered at 0.05, all analysis of study was done by SPSS<sub>23 . Results: The mean of hyperkyphosis and FHP angles in experimental group, significantly decreased ( P = 0.008, 0.003), respectively. But there was no significant change in control group ( P = 0.101, 0.122). The independent t-test results for both variables indicated a significant difference between control and experimental subjects after the protocol ( P = 0.001). Conclusion: The combined corrective exercises caused a reduction in head, neck and trunk disorders of study subjects.

Background: High-velocity low-intensity actions result in reduced hemodynamic responses. Additionally, eccentric actions are associated with reduced hemodynamic and metabolic responses. Aim: This study aimed to investigate acute hemodynamic, hematological, and electrocardiographic responses to high-velocity low-intensity concentric resistance exercise (HVLICRE) and low-velocity high-intensity eccentric resistance exercise (LVHIERE) in healthy young adults. Materials and Methods: In this study, 16 healthy young men were divided into two groups (HVLICRE: 40% 1RM, LVHIERE: 80% 1RM). The exercise protocol consisted of five sets of 10 repetitions, with 90 sec of rest between the sets and a two-second interval between actions. For data analysis, repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni's post hoc test were performed at a significance level of P ≤0.05. Results: LVHIERE led to greater RPE ( P ≤0.05), compared to HVLICRE. Also, LVHIERE was associated with a significant increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and a significant decrease in the parasympathetic nervous system as compared to HVLICRE ( P ≤0.05). Conclusion: HVLICRE and LVHIERE produced similar effects on blood glucose, serum lactate, hematocrit, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. LVHIERE can be investigated as part of the strategy of rehabilitation programs in future studies.

Background: Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) functions as an evaluative instrument designed to assess traits associated with autism. Variances exist within the brain of individuals on the autism spectrum. Moreover, certain exercises have the potential to impact specific regions of the brain. Aim: This study aims to investigate how the program training of this study impact Autism—Spectrum Quotient. Materials and Methods: Forty-two children aged 7-10 years with ASD were recruited to participate in this study. These children were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (N=10, 7.80±1.35 years) and the experimental group (N=32, age: 8.16±1.16 years). The experimental group underwent an 8-week training program. The Autism Spectrum Quotient (ASQ) questionnaire was used to assess the participants' scores in the pretest and posttest. This questionnaire consists of five subscales: social skills, attention switching, attention to details, communication, and imagination, as well as a total score. Results: Based on the results, the program training had an impact on attention to detail (P=0.017) and social skills (P=0.057). However, there was no significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores for attention switching (P=0.096), communication (P=0.07), and imagination (P=0.161). Conclusion: Based on the results, we can conclude that the program had a small but significant effect in terms of quantity. Due to the specific and unique structure of the brain, it takes time to achieve a substantial impact.

The main purpose of the present study was to determine the factors affecting the establishment of sports knowledge-based companies based on electronic knowledge. To pursue this aim, Glaser's grounded theory was used as the qualitative research method. 16 in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with academic and industry experts in the field of sports using purposeful and snowball sampling methods. Data analysis was performed in three stages: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, and the preliminary list of factors was identified through initial library studies. The 105 values affecting the development of sports knowledge-based companies based on electronic knowledge were extracted through the open coding process. The final pattern was created using the results of axial coding, which revealed the identification of 12 subcategories, falling into two main categories: intra-organization (human resources, management, marketing, legal, and financial factors) and extra-organization (educational/creativity and innovation factors, economic, cultural-social, infrastructure, legal, policy-making, and support/protection). According to the findings of the study, the professional and comprehensive view of managers and scientific and executive officials on these mentioned factors can change the ecosystem of sports entrepreneurship in Iran, providing the necessary context and infrastructure, as well as the sports community's interest in entrepreneurship and the formation of knowledge-based companies. This is, of course, accompanied by long-term job opportunities for activists in this sector as well as the development of new and inventive ideas, goods, and services.