درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the ethical dimensions of marketing in the sale of sports equipment in Yazd province, Iran. The research was a mixed exploratory study conducted in the field. The research population in the qualitative and quantitative sections included all individuals who made sports purchases in 2023. In the qualitative section, 16 individuals were interviewed using the snowball method until theoretical saturation was reached. For the quantitative section, according to Krejcie and Morgan table, 384 individuals were randomly selected from 6 counties (Yazd, Meybod, Ardakan, Mehriz, Khatam, and Bafq) as the sample. The research tools in the qualitative section were interviews, and in the quantitative section, questionnaires derived from the interviews, which were examined for validity and reliability. For data analysis, descriptive statistical methods (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistical methods (exploratory factor analysis and second-order confirmatory factor analysis) were used. The research results showed that the ethical dimensions of marketing in the sale of sports equipment were identified in four components (product, price, distribution, and promotion). In general, it can be said that by identifying the ethical dimensions of marketing in the sale of sports equipment, on one hand, it helps develop ethics in the field of sports marketing, and on the other hand, it enables officials to prevent unethical practices through increased attention and oversight of sellers' work in the identified areas, leading to greater customer satisfaction.

Objective : Athlete burnout remains a significant concern in competitive sports, with growing evidence highlighting its detrimental effects on performance and mental health. This study examined the efficacy of a Choice Theory-based intervention in reducing burnout symptoms by enhancing autonomy and psychological need satisfaction among elite athletes. Method: Using a longitudinal, randomized controlled design, 156 elite athletes (aged 18–32) from endurance, team, and skill-based sports were allocated to either an 8-week Choice Theory intervention group or a control group receiving standard mental skills training. The intervention incorporated weekly workshops on need identification, cognitive restructuring ("choose to" vs. "have to" thinking), and autonomy-supportive goal setting, alongside coach training in autonomy-supportive communication. Burnout was assessed using the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), while psychological needs were measured via the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Sport Scale (BPNSSS). Physiological markers (salivary cortisol, heart rate variability) provided objective stress indicators. Results : Results demonstrated significant reductions in emotional exhaustion (p < 0.01, d = 0.72) and sport devaluation (p < 0.05, d = 0.54) in the intervention group compared to controls at 12-month follow-up. Mediation analysis revealed that increased autonomy (β = -0.38, p < 0.001) and competence (β = -0.29, p < 0.01) fully mediated burnout reduction. Physiological data corroborated these findings, with improved HRV recovery (p < 0.05) and lower cortisol levels (p < 0.01) in the intervention group. Conclusions : These findings support Choice Theory as an effective framework for athlete burnout prevention, emphasizing the critical role of autonomy-supportive environments in sustaining long-term athlete well-being. The study advances current practice by demonstrating that structural changes in coaching approaches—particularly empowering athletes with meaningful choices—can significantly mitigate burnout risk. Future research should explore the generalizability of these effects across diverse athletic populations and cultural contexts.

The purpose of the present study was to identify the organizational attractions of physical education faculties of state universities from the viewpoint of post-graduate students and graduates. The present study was qualitative research using a thematic analysis approach. The statistical population included all postgraduate students and graduates of physical education departments and faculties at state universities. The participants were purposively selected using the snowball sampling technique. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 13 individuals until theoretical saturation was achieved (10+3), and coding was employed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the organizational attractions of physical education faculties encompass three main themes: structural, conceptual, and technology and innovation, along with 19 sub-themes and 71 concepts. The sub-themes comprised organizational order, organizational branding, organizational facilities, organizational climate, geographical environment, intra-organizational communication, extra-organizational communication, up-to-date status, educational, research, social status, remuneration, sports environment, educational sequence, sports events and competitions, departments, freedom of action, meritocracy, and amenities. The study’s findings provide valuable insights into the organizational attractions as perceived by postgraduate students and graduates who are prospective applicants for physical education departments and faculties.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of servant leadership on the human resource productivity through whistleblowing considering the moderating role of work ethics. The current research method is correlation, which was carried out in the field. The statistical population of the research was the employees in track and field sport in Iraq, 152 people were selected as a sample using the convenient method. The servant leadership questionnaires of Luu (2019), the whistleblowing of Park and Blenkinsopp (2009), the Human resources productivity of Hersey and Goldsmith (1980), and the work ethics of Bateman and Snell (2004) were used. SPSS version 18 and PLS version 3 software were used for data analysis. The results showed that servant leadership has a significant relationship with human resource productivity and whistleblowing. Also, there is a significant relationship between whistleblowing and human resource productivity. Finally, there is a significant relationship between servant leadership and human resource productivity with the moderating role of work ethic. Servant leadership is a management approach that prioritizes the well-being and growth of employees, leading to improved human resource productivity and organizational performance. This leadership style, which involves serving employees rather than commanding them, has been shown to have a significant positive impact on productivity and whistleblowing within organizations. By fostering an employee-centric approach and a culture of trust, safety, and open communication, servant leaders can encourage employees to speak up about unethical practices, leading to a more transparent and accountable work environment.