درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

It seems that success in municipal wastes management has a detectable relationship with citizens' participation and social mechanisms. So, the present study has done for recognition of systematic relations of effective social parameters on municipal solid waste administration. Data have collected in two phase to fill of questionnaires including awareness assessment of MSW office's personnel of urban 22-district Tehran municipality organization and effective factors on MSW management; Then, social parameters relations effective on MSW via S-LCA in different phases such as temporary storage, gathering, transportation and processing, recycling and proper disposal. Results shown that was got 16 grading (than 20) of municipal waste administration awareness by personnel of MSW office in district that has counted including good grades. Waste management of district municipality has got final grading equal 72 (than 100) that shown have good performance (71-90), but the worst was source separation of waste with grading 24 (than 40) rather than other stages. The most important social factor effective on waste's LCA has were social acceptability that got more final weight (0.49) and among these indices such as noise pollution and private space have more importance. Then, social performance and equality play a same role that social performance in addition to the recycling of start point, destination and job creation, be influenced by social acceptability; Social equality is influenced by distribution and locating index, as well as, quality employment. Average of normal values for indices of each component in different scenarios has shown transfer station scenario has the highest ratio of social acceptability (1.8) and performance (0.7) and caused low amount of social impacts. In other side, landfill scenario (direct way) has the lowest normal value of social equality (0.8). Albeit, due to the weight of social acceptability of first scenario (temporary storage of waste in transfer station and transfer of them to final landfill waste), is desirable, environmentally has advantages than two other scenarios, such as direct job creation, lower fuel consumption and visual pollution prevention.

The most important characteristic of dome and factors influencing it in the Islamic Iranian architecture that is different from other courses is construction and construction methods of them. Over time, different factors are involved in the process of formation of the domes. It is one of the factors influencing the structure of Iranian-Islamic domes. By examining the structure of Iranian-Islamic domes form can be read part of forgotten knowledge of architectural past among architects. This paper aimed to analyze the impact of changes on aspects of the architecture of dome. Other researchers on the review of the reports for reviewing and rethinking dome shows the analysis so far mainly structured approach to the process of the formation of the dome is recognized in Islamic Iranian architecture. Other researchers on the review of the reports for reviewing and rethinking dome shows the analysis so far mainly with structural approach recognized the process of the formation of the dome in Islamic Iranian architecture. Analysis result show there is a clear distinctive relation between the dome and the size, height, form, shape and overall structure. This article is collection of library documents on the one hand and filed documents on the other hand. In this study, after the study of the certain structure of elements and measurement, sensitive and form relationships and relationship between components will be examined. The study aimed to investigate the relationship between Islamic Iranian architecture and architectural structure of the dome. The investigation carried out revealed that resizing dome plans structure directly depend on form and method of making them.

The administrative system is a means of achieving the goals of political, economic, social and cultural systems of any society. It seems the nature and content of administrative management system affected by the construction and nature of governing system in every society. Thus, there is a proactive relationship between these systems. Therefore Competency-Based Administrative System is Equivalent to the right-based and democratic governing system and the non meritorious-based administrative system is outcome of the totalitarian regime. In this article, we will attempt to explain the normative and institutional principles of the right-based modern state with adapting a descriptive and analytical approach and then analyze the Constituent elements of administrative system associated with such construction of state.

The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between media literacy and social skills among citizens in Isfahan. To this end, a descriptive-correlation methodology was employed. The population under study consisted of all citizens living in Isfahan who were reported to be 1796967 persons in 2013. Using Cochran formula, 384 persons were selected by stratified sampling and were included in the research sample. The instruments used in the study were Karaman’s and Karatash’s (2009) Standard Media Literacy Questionnaire and Standard Social Skills Questionnaire (Oldmeadow et al., 2013). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed using content validity and factor analysis. The reliability values of Media Literacy Questionnaire and Social Skills Questionnaire were determined by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and were reported as 0.876 and 0.896, respectively. The results of the study indicated that media literacy with an influence rate of 0.39 affects social skills. Besides, media knowledge (critical thinking) as a component of media literary with an influence rate of 0.37 affects social skills. It was also found that analysis and reaction as a component of media literary with an influence rate of 0.68 affects social skills. The same was the case with judgment and observation of hidden messages as a component of media literary which affects social skills with an influence rate of 0.53. Media literacy with an influence rate of 0.33 was found to affect the expression social skill feelings. Finally, based on the findings of the study concerning the relationship between research variables, some suggestions were offered to improve media literary and social skills of people living in Isfahan.

The backwardness of the countryside is most important issues of developing countries. The result of this study, based on descriptive - analysis studies, shows that revive traditional arts and crafts with much charm with planning and organizing on development stimulus projects, can direct influence on the villager’s empowerment. Of course, the existence of such attractions, itself, without providing proper bed in the field of empowerment, has not the capability to introduce and identifying. Hence, there is appropriate site in the village of Laft in empowering the intellectual and cultural treasures. The creation and the spread of such projects, in addition to revive traditional arts and crafts provide empowerment and development of Laft villages.

Threats are one of the most fundamental problems of our modern societies that daily will affect citizens in urban spaces. This becomes more problematic when the people in their everyday living spaces encounter with behaviors that cause lack of security and should have been feel comfort and their families used these spaces freely. This causes many problems for citizens. In today cities because of the increasing growth in construction of residential complexes and high population density in a little area comfort ​​ with more problems and security is more important. So providing security in outdoor and semi-outdoor spaces of residential complexes is not exact scope and is very important. In this study using the analytical-descriptive method and library studies, the factors influencing the security of residential complexes in the form of a conceptual model investigated.

University students are exposed to stress because of their age and their particular situation. Stress can cause serious problems to the health and academic performance of students. One of the factors affecting stress is the environment. Therefore, finding ways to reduce stress in universities is important and needs to be investigated. Unfortunately, one of the fundamental problems of universities is the lack of features and qualities of a space that reduces the stress of students. This means that university spaces are not designed and constructed for reducing the stress of students and enough attention was not paid to this issue. The relative lack of research in this field makes necessary to pay attention to this issue and carry out studies in this regard. The purpose of this study is to provide effective spatial features to reduce the stress of university students and to determine the effectiveness of each of these features. The research is conducted by survey method and Delphi technique was carried out in three rounds. For this purpose, firstly open-ended questionnaires were distributed among the experts. Then the answers were investigated and the lists of features were extracted. In the next step, based on the information obtained, close-ended questionnaires were made and the importance levels of features were put into question among the experts and then data were analyzed using SPSS software. In the final stage, experts expressed their final opinions considering the statistical results of the previous stage. The results of this study showed that effective spatial features on stress reduction of students are classified by influencing level into four categories of environmental conditions, natural factors, environmental comfort and physical aspects. And among the details of these features, adequate and proper light for spaces”, connecting with outdoor and semi-outdoor spaces and desirable sound in spaces, are of utmost importance.

Power as an institution, governance as structure and spatial organization is considered as an organizational tool in the service of the goals and aspirations of the institutions of power and governance structure. In this framework the spatial organization and geographic environment is a result of social organization (social, economic, political), and its natural and ecological system. Human authoritarianism can be the most fundamental strategies and mechanisms of social-biological will be considered in forming this relationship. This needs to be a strategy used by individuals and organizations, and apply to the exercise of power on the part of the space and its contents. The metropolitan centers are concentration of wealth, power, culture, and management and local, national and global forces. Therefore, special interest of organizations and the power forces to this phenomenon and the desire to intervene in the organization of functional, spatial can be expected in order to use most of the resources and opportunities. Urban society today is filled with many actors who each act according to their interests. Today the spatial function distribution can be considered the most important challenges of metropolitan governance. Thus, the efficiency and effectiveness of metropolitan governance structure depends on the acceptance of functional diversity in the metropolitan area and its reflection in the form of metropolitan governance. The new project of the government - the nation insisted on the unity and similarity more than difference and diversity. The emergence of multiculturalism as a political force is an indication of the failure of city project and future areas must to develop diversity and differences through democratic cultural pluralism. This paper presents an analytical method and aims to answer these questions: Whether it can be constructed such a regional city? What is the basic requirement for this a regional city? It seems principles of social justice (Principles that must fuse with the issues of planning and urban governance), such a difference and discrimination, citizenship, community and civic culture are minimum requirements to create a new system of urban civilization.

The basic objective of this study is to design the model of effectiveness of electronic advertisement on consumer buying behavior. The research population is customers and consumers of large food stores in Shiraz that used a store's website. The sample of this study is as big as 400 people. Cluster random sampling method based on visible traits in the population with the highest estimated number of customers with a cautionary view was carried out. To evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire in this study, Cronbach's alpha was used. Cronbach's alpha was estimated 92%for the whole questionnaires and fluctuated between76%and 98% for its subscales. In order to analyze the data of questionnaires and to test the hypotheses, factor analysis and structural equation modeling techniques were used. The results show that by rejecting the first hypothesis and confirming the rest of assumptions and other relationships between the independent, mediator and dependent variables, the whole model is generally acceptable. This means that content and communication stimuli would get to the behavioral reaction phase after the process of influencing.

Traditional houses enjoy an organizing with inner spaces based on religious and traditional notions of Iranian families. Space flexibility, readability, introversion, spatial hierarchy and family privacy have had a special status in architecture of Iranian houses, replaced with an outward-oriented architecture. The traditional architecture which has had all the necessary spaces for any communication inside the house has converted to the hotel architecture that its residents have not expected the stability and comfort from it, to whom just the equipment and services at hotel architecture are of great importance to which they have no sense and attachment. Living at contemporary houses has raised the problems such as reduced sense of belonging, comfort and emotional and family problems. The present research intends to compare traditional houses with contemporary houses by study on architecture plans of Iranian traditional houses and emphasis on their spatial richness and quality so as to get familiar with spatial concepts of these houses and take an effective step on how to influence these neglected concepts on single-dimensional spaces of contemporary houses.