درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The article, by using historical texts, attempts to reconstruct part of the ups and downs of the Caspian Sea’s southern coastal history, the importance of navigation on the shores and ports of the Caspian Sea, and the impact of Nader Shah's policies on the formation and prosperity of navigation in northern Iran. Based on library resources and a thorough analysis of the contents, the article seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What were Nader Shah Afshar's motives and goals in establishing shipping in the Caspian Sea? 2. Why the Russian government was suspicious of this issue? The findings of the study indicate that Nader Shah intended to boost the commercial prosperity of the country by forming a navy in the Caspian Sea and also achieve his political and military goals which were in contrast to the interests of the Russian Tsarist government. Finally, the main purpose of this study is to examine the state of trade, navigation, and shipbuilding during the Nader Shah period, by using the historical approach and archaeological evidence of the shipwreck off the coast of Chamkhaleh in Langarud County which is undoubtedly closely related to the political-military presence of the government and social presence. Hence, the role and position of local rulers of the Caspian Sea coasts and how they interacted with the Afsharid dynasty and foreign companies are noteworthy.

Introduction: Educating people in different ways is one of the aspects of moral education. Education that plays an important role in the destiny of man and society. One of the issues in moral education is how to involve moral teachings in the political relations of countries. The purpose of this research is to investigate the ethical components affecting political development in higher education. Material and Methods: The current research was applied and implemented in a mixed manner. Thematic analysis method was used in the qualitative part. The statistical population was experts in the field of higher education (administrators and faculty members of universities), from among whom 10 people were selected by snowball sampling. The interview tool was semi-structured and the data was analyzed by coding method and MAXQDA software. In the quantitative part, the method was descriptive-correlation. The research community included experts in the field of higher education and international relations (academic faculty members, cultural advisors, and experts from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), among whom 50 people were selected in an improbable and accessible way. The data were analyzed using structural equations and pls software. Results: The results of the qualitative part indicated 32 open codes and 6 core codes, which were categorized into 3 categories of educational relations factors at the international level, moral policy, civil and social development. The results of the quantitative part also indicated the appropriate fit of the model, so it can be said that ethics and ethics approaches in higher education can be effective in political development. Conclusion: The results of the findings show that in addition to the desire of countries to develop relations based on respect and moral policy, there are factors in three areas of educational relations at the international level, moral policy, civil, scientific and social development in higher education; Among them: relations based on respect, expansion of international relations, attention to human dignity, freedom, attracting participation, meritocracy, attention to scientific and civil institutions have an effect on political development