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Objective: <span class="fontstyle2">This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: <span class="fontstyle2">The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study population consisted of all members of the MS Society of Iran located in Tehran in 2019, and the sample consisted of 60 members of the Association who were selected using the convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned to three experimental groups and one control group (15 people for each group). All four groups were tested by DASS-21 scale, and then the experimental groups underwent mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy in 12 Two-hour sessions for 12 weeks, but the control group did not receive any training. Analysis was performed using SPSS22 in two parts: descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: <span class="fontstyle2">The results of analysis showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has been effective on reducing stress (f= 110.90, p <0,001), anxiety (f= 88.92, p <0,001), and depression (f= 32.29, p <0,001) in patients with multiple sclerosis. Also it was shown that logo therapy was effective on stress (f= 264.60, p <0,001), anxiety (f= 175, p <0,001), and depression (f= 305.07, p <0,001), and schema therapy was effective on reducing stress (f=110.90, p <0,001), anxiety (f= 88.92, p <0,001), and depression (f= 32.29, p <0,001) in patients with multiple sclerosis. Also, the comparison of means showed that in the variables of stress, anxiety, and depression, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy were effective. Conclusions: <span class="fontstyle2">The findings of this study confirmed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, logo therapy, and schema therapy were effective in reducing stress, anxiety, and depression in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Background: The Brief Accessibility, Responsiveness and Engagement (BARE) Scale, is a short self-report questionnaire that measures the key behaviors of attachment system. It can be easily administered by both clinicians and researchers of different domains as the dyadic relationship of attachment and mental/physical health has proved by a vast majority of studies. To our knowledge, there is no measure that specifically focuses on couple attachment. Furthermore, we could not find any systematic review and/or meta-analysis which have been conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of BARE. Methods/design: Two independent reviewers will search comprehensively through relevant databases and also grey literature. Information will be analyzed by means of priori defined criteria by Two of reviewers. Seemingly, data will be extracted from the full texts of included studies based on a set of data extraction form in accordance with the related psychometric information. The methodological quality of studies on the development and validation of BARE will be assessed using consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Finally, the psychometrics of this tool, will then be analyzed using predefined criteria. Result. Systematic review with meta-analyses involving multidimensional outcomes. Discussion: In this protocol, we have briefly described our method for conducting a systematic review in order to measuring the psychometric properties of BARE. All of reasons call for exploring psychometric properties of BARE discussed comprehensively in introduction. It is a first and crucial step to formulate the recommendations every researcher either a clinician needs in work with couples. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020210098

Background: Following the pandemic of corona disease in Iran and around the world, the most important goal of health policies focused on compliance with prevention behaviors, and its evaluating. One of the most effective model based on social psychology is Health Belief Model that has been employed in many studies as different aspects of preventive behaviors. Objectives: The main purpose was study the relationship between compliance with preventive behaviors of corona disease with health belief model, and predicting the high level and low level of compliance with these behaviors based on health belief model variables. Methods: The present study was a descriptive-correlational study in terms of its method. The statistical population consisted of all adults aged +20 who lived in Tehran. 472 voluntary subjects were selected through online recall method. The instruments of the study included the compliance with preventive behaviors of corona scale (CPBC), and the corona health belief model inventory (CHBM). Both measures were developed and standardized by the researchers. Data were analyzed by using regression analysis. Results: The Means of CPBC in all participants was 3.38 ± 0.83, thereupon two groups were formed accordingly, as high group (4.18±0.17) and low group (1.92±0/28). The findings show that high level of compliance could be predict by severity, benefits; and barriers; and low level of compliance by age, benefits, and barriers. Conclusion: Since preventive behaviors were known as the best way to control of corona virus outbreak, there is a great value of identifying variables that might mitigate or exacerbate compliance could contribute greatly to the development of more effective health planning in Iranian society. Therefore, increase the benefits and reduce the barriers of prevention behaviors could be effective, and consequently, corona virus transmission could be decreased.

Objective: Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) experience negative emotions. Considering the importance of these emotions and their significant impact on mental health of women with HIV, and also considering the gap of information in this regard, this study aimed to assess the effect of compassion-focused therapy on mindfulness and rumination in women with HIV. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test phases, and a control group. Sixty women with HIV were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received nine 90-min sessions of compassion-focused therapy, held once a week. The instruments used included the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and the Rumination-Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ). The questionnaires were filled-out by patients in both the experimental and control groups in two stages before and after the intervention. Results: According to the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), compassion-focused therapy significantly increased the mindfulness dimensions (observing, non-judging, non-reactivity to inner experience) in the experimental group, compared with the control group at post-test (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups in terms of rumination-reflection.Conclusion: It appears that compassion-focused therapy would be effective in increasing the mindfulness dimensions in women with HIV.

Background: The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on negative emotions with gastrointestinal disorders. Method: A quasi-experimental study was designed with pretest-posttest using a control group. The study sample consisted of 30 male patients (referred to internal experts and admitted to Abbasi Hospital of Miandoab in 2016) with gastrointestinal disorders (Irritable Bowel Syndrome, peptic ulcer, and duodenal ulcer) based on diagnostic criteria (ROME-III) who were selected by purposive sampling method. The patients were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. After performing the pretest using Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS), the experimental group received mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention during the eight sessions of one and a half hour, while the control group received no psychological intervention; and after the end of the sessions, the posttest was performed for both groups using the same tools. The collected data were analyzed through covariance analysis (ANCOV) by using SPSS-18 software. Results: The mean scores of negative emotions rates of experimental group significantly decreased after receiving the mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention (P

Objective: This study investigates the different motives and substance use risk profile in opium and methamphetamine use. Method: The statistical sample includes Seventy-eight individuals with substance use history referred to drop-in center (DIC) that completed research instruments including demographic information (researcher-made questionnaire), substance use motives (Hecimovic, Barrett, Darredeau, and Stewart, 2014), and substance use risk profile scale (Woicik et al., 2009). Multivariate analysis of variance utilized for data analysis based on SPSS-24. Results: The results of the MANOVA indicated that availability, relaxation, enjoying, and sexual motives are significantly higher in individuals using methamphetamine. Also, the results of the substance use risk profile represent that there are significant differences in anxiety sensitivity, sensation-seeking, and impulsivity in opium and methamphetamine use. Conclusions: Findings indicate the important role of motives and substance use risk profile in the tendency to the different types of substances. These various motives and personality risk factors should be considered in educational settings and psychological treatment for different types of substance use, especially opiate or stimulating substances.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of painting therapy in reducing emotional- behavioral problems (internalized problems: anxious - depressed, withdrawn-depressed, somatic complaints, and externalized problems: aggressive behavior and rule-breaking behavior) of Children with cancer. Method: The research design was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and control group with follow-up. Using targeted sampling, 40children (6 to 12-year-old) with cancer, whose score on the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) was one standard deviation above average, was selected and randomly divided into two groups of experiment (n = 20) and control (n = 20), but due to the drop in the number of subjects, it decreased to 31 (16 experimental group and 15 control group). The painting program was performed on the experimental group in the form of 8 two-hour sessions. To analyze the data, the mixed variance analysis method was used. Results: The results showed that although the overall score of the internalized and externalized problems was significantly reduced, painting therapy didn’t affect the somatic complaints (of internalized problems) and the rule-breaking behavior (of externalized problems). Conclusions: The results showed that painting therapy can be an effective way to reduce the emotional-behavioral problems of children with cancer. Therefore the findings of this study can have preventive clinical applications.

Background and Aim: Considering the possible role of psychological factors in the process of cardiovascular disease and also the fact that these factors interact with biological agents to produce effects on cardiovascular disease, the present study aimed at evaluation of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on mental health, hopefulness and meaningfulness in people with cardiovascular disease. Materials and Methods: The present study was an applied one and was done as pre-test, post-test and control group. The study population included all cardiovascular patients who were referred to Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center between January to March 2017 and had a history of myocardial infarction or open heart surgery in the last month. The study sample consisted of 30 patients with cardiovascular disease who were willing to participate in the study and met the inclusion criteria. The subjects were randomly assigned to the case and control groups (each group consisting of 15 subjects). Data were obtained using Snyder Hope Questionnaire, Meaning-seeking Questionnaire, and General Health Questionnaire and analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and SPSS software. Results: The results showed that analysis of variance was significant for intragroup factor (time). For the intergroup factor, only significant variables were found for somatic symptoms and social dysfunction and were not significant for the other variables. The results of the present study indicate that time effect alone is significant regardless of group effect. The interaction of group and time was also significant (F = 12.84, df = 2) and its effect was reported 0.50. Conclusions: Overall, the findings of this study showed that acceptance and commitment based therapy is effective on mental health, hope and Meaning-seeking in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases.