درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Because of the dispersion of activities in big cities, employing highways as the most important connecting way is indispensable. In today world, highways are connection arteries of cities transporting people to their social activities. Because of continual use of highway, their walls prepare a context for conveying many Social, Cultural, Economic, etc concepts. That is why most economic promotions,communication of social concepts and cultural teachings are provided on highways walls and margins.In few recent years, given the same potential, highway walls has created a site for appearance of street art. Street art is demonstration of author’s personal signs on the walls and public places of the city and public audience decode the concepts embeded in the text of that art. Currently Tehran municipality, in a general policy, tried to spread and pay attention to street art particularly in the highways contexts. In this paper, we classify these designs on Tehran highway walls while indicating present examples and interpret the concepts lying in these designs from a semiotic view point.

The concept of sustainability is encouraged to preserve natural resources, social values, cultural heritage, and economic capital, which already exist to make available them for the next generations. Moreover, to enhance the level of sustainability in communities, numerous scholars indicated both individual and community identities play a crucial role. Sustainability is attainable and successful if there are compatibility and balance among cultural diversity, social justice, environmental responsibility, and economic equality as well as be able to attract people and appeared in their values and behaviors. Due to the critical role of social identity for improving the capacity of the people by changing their values and behaviors, it can be argued that social identity plays a vital role to achieve and support the concept of sustainability. Besides, place identity is linked to meanings and perceptions held by the people concerning their environment. Thus, the effect of social and place identities to achieve sustainable city has been identified as one of the urban design issues for contemporary cities. In this regard, the main aim is how social and place identities can contribute to promoting sustainability approaches and behavior in communities. The methodology of this study is an integrative literature review based on existing documents and studies. As a result, the research would convey to understanding the dynamic role of social and place identities for enhancing the level of sustainability in urban communities.

Attractiveness principal in Iranian- Islamic architecture and decorating in this issue Iranian Architecture in the period of Islam use different means to show the influential and effective thoughts and interpretations and meanings on the people. One way to identify the means is to Research and investigate in the audience’s cognition and understanding particularly architectures and identify the current Theories and Ways which describe the presses of perception and cognition. Cognition and mind system of middle periods of Islamic is obvious for us particularly with helping from left texts and the way of describing issues and subjects, Although mental and thinking studies from this period of time has been studied but some principles not all of them have been considered . In fact in cognitive system based on Islamic understanding. The stage which the characterize the beauty, amazements and attractiveness derived from creations and world. And can help the level and quality of maker and his ability. as in good arguments to understand It, the issues are considered which gradually can create the meaning, symbol, emotional concepts in the person who understands It. One of the principles is the sense of beauty and attractiveness and in literal language is wonderfulness and this article shows that this sense has been influential and effective in Islamic thinkers and architectures. And gradually some means have been used to derive the meaning and perceptions from It. Material means in Islamic architecture are decoration.

The human population has been growing at least at the rate of 1.2% annually since 1960 reaching up to 6.4B in 2002 and more than 7.0B in 2012. In Davao City, the annual population growth rate is running at 3.22% in year 1990, at 2.41% last 2007 and recently in 2013 at 2.36%. The alarming problem we confront today is that the increase in land area for human use does not expand in proportion to population density increase. It is the aim of this study to address the future problems on land and food shortage through the efficient integration of vertical farms on mixed-use multi-storied commercial-residential buildings in Davao City in order to provide income generating condominiums and produce organic crops for residents in an urban setting. The result of the computations showed that the integration of farms to mixed-use residential-commercial buildings in Davao City is highly feasible. The gross profit is highest using gross floor area percentage ratio combination of 50:5:20 for residential, commercial and vertical farm units respectively. (i.e., 50% of the building’s gross floor area should be allotted to residential units, 5% to commercial units, and 20% to farm units). Moreover the gross profit and ROI of the 50:5:20 gross floor area ratio also generated the highest which amounted to Php 1,785,316,198.00B compared to only Php 501,045,100.00M for the typical commercial-residential buildings in five years. This research has mainly focused on the integration of hydroponics, but the inclusion of aquaponic farms in vertical structures can also be further explored.

Despite the availability of extensive facilities for children, the effect of environment on creativity of children is often ignored. It is a fact that children can attend the playgrounds in city parks, independently, from age 6, therefore they become exposed to influence of the environment during this age period. It is necessary to design playgrounds for children to improve their creativity. The objective here is to assess the effects of physical components of the playgrounds in city parks on creativity of children of ages 6 to 12. A descriptive- analytic method is adopted in this study. This method is adopted to achieve the theoretical perspectives and correlations between the variables and indices, through analysis. At this stage, the data are collected from a selected statistical population through field research and closed response researcher designed questionnaire and the effective variables are determined by factor analysis and correlation. By applying path analysis method using of Smart PLS1 software program based on the relations between the variables, the study model is provided. The results indicate that there exists a significant correlation between the environmental factors and creativity and regarding the rate of effectiveness of the physical factors on creativity, the variety factor is more effective, followed by physical liveliness and flexibility factors, respectively.