درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Recreation (creativity) is undoubtedly one of the important designing bases and a durable, matchless and unique factor which determines distinction, excellence, and elegance of a building in comparison with other buildings; and architecture as one of the manifestations of human life in a special time and place can be a reflection of thoughts, ideas and living method and also represent identity in shape of thought and creativity which is known as creator of architecture work from viewpoint of architecture. Firstly reflection of architect’s character in architecture work, then cultural concept of the work and its belonging to a specific social and ideological movement and besides talent and creativity of the artist, the cultural and artistic movements affect drastically on the result of architect’s act who is creator of the art work in form of an architecture event. Therefore it can be mentioned that variables of the present research are nominal and qualitative; the dependent variables are also of the same type. The effects of economic, political, social and cultural movements can also be mentioned which are expressed in form of concepts such as tangible and intangible strategies. The present paper attempted to analyze metaphors used in the major building of Behsharh Industrial Group, which is an objective evidence of Nader Ardalan’s work. The analysis was done in a historical-interpretation method and in qualitative form.

The intention of this paper is to define the concept of the spirit of place, and then to identify methods for its preservation in historical urban contexts. In fact, this study seeks to answer the question whether the spirit of the place and its components can be derived from tissue structure to improve? And whether we can weave his old identity in psychological indicators - human behavior found? Finally, the aim of this methodology is to help researchers make an objective analysis and evaluation related with the very delicate subject; the spirit of the place and its comprehensible meanings from tangible features to intangible ones. The study hypothesis claims that the psychological component concepts, behavioral and moral spirit of the place can be viable tissue residential neighborhoods. This claim qualitative research design and analysis of research by using descriptive derived from Kerman al-Ghadeer neighborhood residents use the results of the survey population. And the spirit of the place and identity of contingency tables between two components in the sample studied is proof space.

The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship between media literacy and social skills among citizens in Isfahan. To this end, a descriptive-correlation methodology was employed. The population under study consisted of all citizens living in Isfahan who were reported to be 1796967 persons in 2013. Using Cochran formula, 384 persons were selected by stratified sampling and were included in the research sample. The instruments used in the study were Karaman’s and Karatash’s (2009) Standard Media Literacy Questionnaire and Standard Social Skills Questionnaire (Oldmeadow et al., 2013). The validity of the questionnaires was confirmed using content validity and factor analysis. The reliability values of Media Literacy Questionnaire and Social Skills Questionnaire were determined by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and were reported as 0.876 and 0.896, respectively. The results of the study indicated that media literacy with an influence rate of 0.39 affects social skills. Besides, media knowledge (critical thinking) as a component of media literary with an influence rate of 0.37 affects social skills. It was also found that analysis and reaction as a component of media literary with an influence rate of 0.68 affects social skills. The same was the case with judgment and observation of hidden messages as a component of media literary which affects social skills with an influence rate of 0.53. Media literacy with an influence rate of 0.33 was found to affect the expression social skill feelings. Finally, based on the findings of the study concerning the relationship between research variables, some suggestions were offered to improve media literary and social skills of people living in Isfahan.

Improving employment opportunities for people and reducing the economic burden on government requires a broad and concentrated effort on private sectors. Private sector growth is a key engine for creation jobs. The major advantage of private sector is its employment potential at low capital cost. These sectors are the nursery of entrepreurship, often driven by individual creativity and innovation. Entrepreneurs seek opportunities and innovations often provide the instrument for them to succeed. However, certain social, cultural and structural factors are inherent within a society which can affect entrepreurial activity. The purpose of present paper is exploring a set of positive and negative factors which can result in either stimulating or damping the activity of entrepreneurs in Iran. The statistical population includes successful entrepreneurs of Iran’s provinces in 2014 that were selected as sample randomly. The result shows that success achieved by the entrepreneurs is positively correlated with their risk taking abilities. The overall conclusion clears that the family and government support influence

The administrative system is a means of achieving the goals of political, economic, social and cultural systems of any society. It seems the nature and content of administrative management system affected by the construction and nature of governing system in every society. Thus, there is a proactive relationship between these systems. Therefore Competency-Based Administrative System is Equivalent to the right-based and democratic governing system and the non meritorious-based administrative system is outcome of the totalitarian regime. In this article, we will attempt to explain the normative and institutional principles of the right-based modern state with adapting a descriptive and analytical approach and then analyze the Constituent elements of administrative system associated with such construction of state.

Human is a compatible creature with the ability to grow the modern knowledge and new patterns of activity. Social pressures and cultural norms could affect formation of behavioral patterns and attitudes of urban planners. However, the framework is not static and could be changed over the time and the urban planners are responsible for controlling, conducting and evaluating the reflection of these changes and playing role in their formation. It should be noted that with such speed of changes in the current cities, realization of a degree of flexibility if required and the future prospects could clear flexible and creative cities as the contexts for economic, social and cultural development of societies and urban spaces could be important sites to meet needs of citizens and formation of social activities. Now in this study, which is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature, the main objective is to recognize required components in formation of flexible urban space in Iran and to measure the perceptions and expectations of flexible urban spaces in Iran. It should be mentioned that achievement of these spaces with flexibility capabilities needs firstly some preconditions including accessibility, diversity and readability. In this regard, at the first, qualitative data are collected using library method and the literature is reviewed to identify the most important components involved in formation of flexible urban space and then, the data are measured in frame of Delphi Method. Then, to clear the differences between expectations and perceptions, a questionnaire is used for paired mean comparison of components. Due to the difference between the existing and expected conditions, this issue was confirmed. Finally, for better understanding of the difference and using the gap scatter plot, relevant factors of physical system and energy were placed in the part of balanced and fixed factors, factors related to spatial and functional system and meeting needs of citizens as the problem and relevant factors of formation process and role of citizens in growth balance were observed.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between social capital among employees with their job performance in Tehran's Forensic Medicine Organization. The study population consisted of all the employees of Tehran's Forensic Medicine Organization in 2015 that based on available statistics are 120 employees that because of limited statistical population, sampling has not been done. To collect data, two instruments were used to measure including social capital questionnaire of Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998), with average reliability coefficient of 93% and job performance questionnaire of Hersey and Goldsmith Achiu model with average reliability coefficient of 88%. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and to analyze and evaluate the research hypotheses; test of inferential statistics including univariate regression analysis was used. While confirming the research hypotheses, results showed: Structural, cognitive and communicative dimensions of social capital of employees have an increasing and positive impact on their job performance and this effect is statistically significant.

Studies conducted in the field of behaviour show that the necessity of noticing and determining urban space behaviour in field studies as well as surveys on dynamic small spaces is undeniable. Small urban spaces, including people-oriented spaces, involve social interactions. This study aims to consider the effect of small urban spaces on the volume of people’s social interactions and participations. The sample group consists of 184 residents and passers-by in the centre of the Sultan Mir Ahmad neighbourhood on different days of the week and at different times of the day. Information on variables was obtained through the behavioural questionnaire together with the related theoretical analysis. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between behavioural indicators and people’s turnout, while the regression model was used to determine the weight of each index. According to the studies, components such as awareness, people, purpose, etc. can be impactful from different perspectives in the incidence of behaviour in urban spaces. It can also identify features of behaviour in urban spaces, which can overall be considered in studies on urban space and behaviourism. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the neighbourhood centres considered in the study; five indicators show the correlation to preferential behaviour ranging from 39% (highest) to 19% (lowest).

It seems that success in municipal wastes management has a detectable relationship with citizens' participation and social mechanisms. So, the present study has done for recognition of systematic relations of effective social parameters on municipal solid waste administration. Data have collected in two phase to fill of questionnaires including awareness assessment of MSW office's personnel of urban 22-district Tehran municipality organization and effective factors on MSW management; Then, social parameters relations effective on MSW via S-LCA in different phases such as temporary storage, gathering, transportation and processing, recycling and proper disposal. Results shown that was got 16 grading (than 20) of municipal waste administration awareness by personnel of MSW office in district that has counted including good grades. Waste management of district municipality has got final grading equal 72 (than 100) that shown have good performance (71-90), but the worst was source separation of waste with grading 24 (than 40) rather than other stages. The most important social factor effective on waste's LCA has were social acceptability that got more final weight (0.49) and among these indices such as noise pollution and private space have more importance. Then, social performance and equality play a same role that social performance in addition to the recycling of start point, destination and job creation, be influenced by social acceptability; Social equality is influenced by distribution and locating index, as well as, quality employment. Average of normal values for indices of each component in different scenarios has shown transfer station scenario has the highest ratio of social acceptability (1.8) and performance (0.7) and caused low amount of social impacts. In other side, landfill scenario (direct way) has the lowest normal value of social equality (0.8). Albeit, due to the weight of social acceptability of first scenario (temporary storage of waste in transfer station and transfer of them to final landfill waste), is desirable, environmentally has advantages than two other scenarios, such as direct job creation, lower fuel consumption and visual pollution prevention.