فاطمه کریمی

Objective: Considering domestic violence occurs in the context of marital relationship, it seems necessary to examine the individual characteristics of each couple in the occurrence of this phenomenon. Therefore, the purpose of this study was Comparison of communication skills, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Communication Patterns in Women with and Without Experience of Domestic Violence. Methods: The present study was an analytical-comparative study. The statistical populations of this study were all women of Rasht city in the 2018 year. Among these women, 120 persons were considered as a research sample; of these, 60 people in the group of women with experience of violence were selected using available sampling method and 60 people in the group of women without experience of violence were selected using cluster sampling method. Data measurement tools in this study were Communication Skills Questionnaire (CSTRQ), Marital Relationship Patterns Questionnaire (CPQ) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). The data of this study were analyzed using independent t-test in SPSS 21. Results:  The results showed that there was a significant difference between communication skills and communication patterns of constructive interaction and withdrawal-belonging pattern in women with and without experience of domestic violence (P <0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of communication pattern of mutual avoidance and cognitive regulation of emotion. Conclusion: Considering the important role of communication skills and patterns in the occurrence or prevention of domestic violence, communication skills training in premarital counseling and marital counseling seems necessary.

Objective: Care is a multidimensional concept that has been reflected in the process of modernity. The aim of this study was to investigate care ethics among female students of Guilan University. Methods: In this research, a qualitative method based on semi-structured interviews and purposive sampling was used. The statistical sample includes 33 students of Guilan University. In total, 11 interviewees were interviewed as a group and 22 interviewees as an individual. The analysis method in this research was thematic analysis. Results:  In data analysis, twelve basic themes, three organizing themes, and one global theme were obtained. The first type was autonomous girls: these types of girls are less inclined to marriage and maternal roles and less interested in circular motherhood and more inclined to linear time and they believed that a circular mother is a boring role that will reduce their agency. The second was heteronomous girls: these types of female students were in maximal motherhood level because they have known a mother with the semiotic such as sacrifice, kindness, self-sacrifice, altruism, etc. Third types of girls were eclectic: this type of female student has both a tendency to linear time (employment and education) and a cyclical time (marriage and motherhood). Conclusion:  Among the existing types, the ideal form was eclectic ethics in which female students have two ethics of heteronomy and autonomy (semiotic and symbolic).