مهرداد صادقی

This study is aimed at determining the dimensions of electronic customer relationship management (eCRM) of Gharzolhasaneh Mehr Iran Bank. The qualitative research method was thematic analysis using an exploratory inductive approach in which 4 main dimensions (comprehensive themes), 13 components (organizing themes), and 116 indicators (basic themes) were presented. Then the experts agreed on these items and finally, 104 indicators (basic themes) were approved. Content validity (0.42) was confirmed, reliability was 0.95 through the Holesti method. 4 business dimensions (branding, marketing, customer strategy, and advertising components); Administrative dimension (organizational) (organizational structure, value creation strategy, and organizational culture components); Communication dimension (information components, information technology, interaction, and support), and also management dimension (financial management, knowledge and learning management components) were identified and approved. This model can be used as a basis for planning to enhance and improve the quality of the eCRM system for use in Gharz al-Hasna Bank.

The current research was conducted to analyze the components of intercultural competencies of senior managers in Iraqi health organizations with a qualitative method of thematic analysis using Sterling's (2001) approach. The research community was the senior managers of the Ministry of Interior, hospitals, and health service institutions of Iraq, among  whom 20 people were reached through purposeful sampling based on specific criteria, and data saturation was reached. Data validity was confirmed by two coders and external auditors. Results indicated that the 83 codes extracted in the interviews can be categorized into five dimensions: knowledge, attitude, insight, action, and intercultural ability. The results of the content analysis of participants' interviews showed that intercultural competency can be divided into five levels of knowledge, insight, ability, activism, and intercultural attitude, with ten components of intercultural awareness, intercultural education, understanding of cultural context, cultural self-efficacy, intercultural adaptation, intercultural sensitivity, intercultural experience, intercultural communication, intercultural positivity, and empathic attitude. To achieve effective intercultural communication, Iraqi senior managers need to learn intercultural competencies to achieve a high level of communication and development in health organizations.

Purpose: Obstacles of creating learning organization cause a sharp decline in the performance of organizations, especially in educational organizations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the categories of the obstacle model of creating learning organizations. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population were professors from Al-Qadisiyah and Kufa universities of Iraq with number 720 people and with using Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated to be 251 people, which this number were selected by available sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of barriers to obstacle of creating learning organizations with 69 questions, which data obtained its implementation were analyzed by methods of exploratory factor analysis and partial least squares in SPSS and Smart PLS software. Findings: The findings showed that the factor load of all questions was higher than 0.50 and significant, and the correlation coefficients of the categories of causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, central phenomenon, strategies and consequences were less than 0.45, and indicating their non-overlapping. Also, content validity ratio and Cronbach and combined reliability of the categories were estimated higher than 0.70 and 0.80, respectively. In addition, according to the indicators of commonality and redundancy, the obstacle model of creating learning organizations had a good fit and the effect of causal conditions, contextual conditions and intervening conditions on central phenomenon, the effect of central phenomenon on strategies and the effect of strategies on outcomes were significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The designed obstacle model of creating learning organizations can help to university officials in designing programs to remove obstacle of creating learning organizations