تعیین الگوی کشت و ارزیابی گونه های کشت شده با پساب تصفیه شده شهری جهت احیای اراضی بیابانی (مطالعه موردی: تصفیه خانه فاضلاب شهر سبزوار) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
یکی از راه های بسیار مهم جهت مبارزه با بیابان زایی، افزایش پوشش گیاهی میباشد. یکی از طرح هایی که می تواند مدیریت یکپارچه منابع آب در اکوسیستم ها را تامین نماید و موجبات کاهش اثرات بیابان زایی و افزایش پوشش گیاهی را فراهم آورد، استفاده از آب های نامتعارف به عنوان منبع آب است که از جمله این آب ها، استفاده از پساب تصفیه خانه های فاضلاب شهری می باشد. در این راستا انتخاب صحیح گونه های گیاهی سازگار و مقاوم با شرایط اکوسیستم بیابانی و سازگار با کیفیت پساب بسیار مهم است. هدف از انجام این تحقیق، انتخاب بهترین الگوی کشت مناسب با کیفیت پساب فاضلاب شهری سبزوار جهت طرح احیای مراتع بیابانی حاشیه روستاهای دروک - برآباد شهرستان سبزوار و ارزیابی گونه های گیاهی کشت شده در آن مناطق می باشد. جهت انجام این کار، در ابتدا پساب تصفیه خانه شهر سبزوار نمونه برداری و مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت. سپس الگوی کشت متناسب با کیفیت پساب با مقایسه خصوصیات کیفی پساب با استانداردهای کیفی کشور اردن تعیین گردید. و در نهایت ارزیابی گونه های شورپسند بیابانی کشت شده در منطقه با مقایسه میزان استقرار گونه ها در دو زمان متفاوت و مقایسه درصد تاج پوشش گیاهی گونه های کشت شده در حال حاضر انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در سبزیجات پخته شده، محصولات علوفه ای و درختان جنگلی و محصولات صنعتی فقط پارامترهای کلیفرم کل و اکسیژن محلول و در چمنزار و پارک(فضای سبز شهری) علاوه بر این دو، پارامترهای مجموع کل مواد جامد معلق، اکسیژن مورد تقاضای شیمیایی و بیوشیمیایی نیز محدود کننده می باشد.همچنین نتایج ارزیابی گونه های کشت شده نشان داد بعد از گذشت چند سال از اجرای طرح آبیاری با پساب، به ترتیب گونه های تاغ، آتریپلکس و قره داغ بیشترین درصد زنده مانی را داشته است. در مجموع می توان گفت گونه تاغ در بین گونه ها، گونه برتر از نظر زنده مانی می باشد.Determination and Evaluation of Cropping Pattern with Municipal Effluent for Reclamation of Desert Lands (Case Study: Wastewater treatment plant in Sabzevar city)
Introduction
Limited water resources is priority researchers to use the principles of water unconventional, such as municipal waste, that this wastewater can be used to increase the area of vegetation. This is taken into consideration cheap water resources and fertilizer. Wastewater is cause improves physico-chemical properties and soil fertility. So the performance of products irrigated with wastewater more than fresh water with fertilizer. But have been reported decrease the cases of fruit trees yield with increasing concentration or accumulation of salts and toxic elements in soils and plants. Using studies of effluent, containing valuable points. The use of waste for the purpose of economic development, is possible. Only long-term protection of resources and the protection of public health. For example, long-term use of wastewater from the city of Mashhad, in addition to soil degradation, have serious risks on the health of consumers.
The results of the effluent South Isfahan showed that due to the toxicity of certain elements and heavy metals concentration without restrictions and is limited in terms of biological indicators. Using wastewater, can play a significant role in the restoration of biological desert areas. Kerman effluent showed that by devices can be used for irrigation. Feizi (2001) in their study showed that eight years of using treated wastewater significantly increased salinity and alkalinity soil. Research Gata et al (2015) showed the results of microbiological soil irrigated with wastewater, higher than the results of well water as well as guidelines for reuse of wastewater Italy.
Materials and Methods
The study area in the southwestern city of Sabzevar and in the region Derouk, is located between 36º 03´50˝ north latitude 57 º 12´30 ˝ east longitudes. The annual average rainfall of about 191 millimeters per year, and climate classified based on Emberger, cold and dry and Domarton method, dry. In the present study determines the quality of wastewater, the wastewater samples from Sabzevar and were transported to the water and soil laboratory. And determining the proper cultivation of quality standards for the use of domestic sewage treatment in Jordan, watering plants, and comparison with the effluent quality standard SPSS software, T-test was used to compare the mean of a sample. Evaluation of cultivated species, with field sampling in 2013 And 1394 using nine transects 144 m of three parts: beginning, middle and end of the area and compare the two years together in SPSS, T-test was performed for two pair. Reviews canopy by measuring the total length of the canopy for any by meter, and the ratio of the total length of transects as a percentage and compare it with randomized complete block design was performed using SPSS software.
Discussion and Results
Results cropping patterns to suit the waste water showed that the cooked vegetables, forage crops and forest trees and industrial products, is the limit only total coliform and dissolved oxygen parameters and in meadows and parks (Green Space) In addition to these two parameters, total suspended solids, biochemical and chemical oxygen demand. The results of the deployment species cultivated in the beginning with wastewater irrigation scheme respectively Nitraria schoberi, Atriplex and Haloxylon have shown the highest rate of deployment. But after two years of primary sampling, the highest decrease is for of Nitraria schoberi, Atriplex and Haloxylon (unchanged). And the results showed that the canopy species planted after two years of planting respectively Haloxylon, Atriplex and Nitraria schoberi have shown the greatest percentage of canopy cover. Haloxylon as well as between other two species, has significant differences for a percentage and is no significant difference between two species together.
Conclusions
The results showed that the use of wastewater in the production of herbs and vegetables with high limits and cause serious. And therefore is not recommended for use in this section in any way. The results of this study with the results (Shahriari et al., 2010: 21-13) and (khanjani et al., 2005) and consistent with the results (Safari, 2002) is incompatible. And in the other products are applicable with special arrangements (mixing with river water Kalshour took up the river).
The conclusion of the study showed that in the study area, is highly effective in restoring vegetation cover especially Haloxylon can be managed with irrigation by wastewater for tree planting and halophyte species. And for future projects in the area planted, considered to be the executive authorities. The results of this section is consistent with the results (Shahriari et al., 2010).
Finally, at about the time the river dieback recommended of waste to produce forage and wood should be used in margin Kalshour. So as to reduce the environmental impact of waste water along Kalshour River and creating employment opportunities and provided income generation.
تبلیغات
