قطر و اقتصاد دانش بنیان: الگویی نوین برای توسعه یافتگی دولت (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تنوع سازی الگو های اقتصادی ضرورت اجتناب ناپذیر برای کشور های دارای اقتصاد سیاسی تک وجهی است. اساساً تنوع اقتصادی به دولت ها این امکان را می دهد تا تهدیدات را به فرصت تبدیل نمایند و متغیر اقتصاد را در پرتو تولید قدرت به کارگیرند. به همین منظور، یکی از کشور هایی که تنوع بخشی در اقتصاد را در چارچوب الگوی اقتصاد دانش بنیان به کاربرده، قطر است. این کشور با تأکید بر همگرایی میان دولت، صنعت و نهاد دانشگاهی در یک چرخه سیستمی درصدد است تا ضمن تغییر رویکرد در اقتصاد سیاسی هیدروکربنی بر قدرت سیاسی خود نیز بیفزاید و به عنوان یک کنشگر انطباقی گزینه های متعددی برای قدرت سازی در اختیار داشته باشد و بستر ساز ایجاد یک دولت توسعه گرای مدرن شود. وجه همت این نوشتار پاسخ به این پرسش است که الگوی نوین قطر به منظور ساخت یک دولت توسعه گرای انطباق محور در نظام بین الملل چگونه است؟ فرضیه پژوهش بر این مبناست که قطر با تأکید بر الگوی اقتصاد دانش بنیان، رویکرد تنوع سازی اقتصادی و الگوی دیپلماسی نیچه ای را برای ساخت دولت توسعه گرا در پیش گرفته است. برای آزمون این فرضیه، موضوع در بستر مفهومی تئوری اقتصاد دانش محور قرارگرفته است. روش گرد آوری داده ها کتابخانه ای و روش پژوهش توصیفی – تحلیلی است. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که قطر با رویکرد اقتصاد دانش بنیان اکوسیستم توسعه گرایی جدیدی را برای تولید قدرت و ثروت به طور هم زمان در پیش گرفته است.Qatar and the Knowledge-Based Economy: A New Model for Developmental State
Diversification of economic models is an Inevitable Necessity for Countries with one-sided political economy. Essentially, economic diversity allows governments to turn threats into opportunities and to use economic variables in the Power manufacturing. For this purpose, one of the countries that has used diversification in the economy in the framework of the knowledge-based economy model is Qatar. Emphasizing the convergence between government, industry and academia in a systemic cycle, the country seeks to increase its political power while changing approach to the hydrocarbon political economy, and as an adaptive actor has multiple options for empowerment and lays the groundwork. Become a modern developmental government. The Purpose of this article is to answer the question to what extent does the knowledge-based economy, as a new and empowering approach to economics and politics, play a role in creating a compatible development-oriented government in Qatar? The research hypothesis is that Qatar government, Will emphasizing the knowledge-based economy, Economic diversification approach and the model of Niche Diplomacy in Foreign Policy to build a Developmental State has followed. To test this hypothesis, the subject is placed in the conceptual context of knowledge-based economics theory. The method of data collection is library and the method of research descriptive-analytical. Based on the hypothesis test, the research findings show that Qatar has adopted a new developmental ecosystem to produce power and wealth simultaneously with the knowledge-based economy approach. The Persian Gulf region has always had many valuable natural reserves such as oil and gas due to its geo-economic position, and the countries of the region have a hydrocarbon political economy due to these geo-economic drivers. In recent years, some countries in the region, such as Qatar, in order to diversify their economic models, transition from a single-product economy and reduce the vulnerability factor, have developed new strategies and perspectives for the development and change of economic approaches, and are trying to apply the knowledge-based economy model as a model and the new alternative has been a development with international perspectives. The focus of Qatar's leaders and internal institutions to change the approach of a single-product and oil political economy to a knowledge-based economy that includes cooperation between industry, academic institutions and the government has been established in the country's upstream documents and visions, such as the Qatar National Vision 2030 document. The path of development in a region with chaos and tension and emerging as an effective regional and international order-making power has been taken into consideration from this point of view. Methodology The present Article through an analytical process method, and Data collected based on the library one. Result and Discussion Considering the problem of improving the potential of their political economy, Qatari statesmen have offered programs based on good governance model and participation at regional levels as a peace-making mediator, in order to generate wealth in the economy, produce power in foreign policy and apply an adaptive model. Qatar, as a small state with great international ambitions to diversify its economy and become a regional power and an emerging global power, has followed such an approach, and this approach has paved the path of Qatar's development, which is drawn according to the 2030 vision. Conclusion The findings show that the patterns of political economy are evolving and based on those countries have achieved new models of development. Today, Qatar in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East region has created a new level of development for the transformation of the State institution by emphasizing the knowledge-based political economy. Qatar, as a small state with great international ambitions to diversify its economy and become a regional power and an emerging global power, has followed such an approach, and this approach has paved the path of Qatar's development, which is drawn according to the 2030 vision. The approach of Qatar's knowledge-based economy, along with generating wealth in the field of economy, includes political activism in regional and international foreign policy.
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