مطالب

VANET (Vehicular Ad-hoc Network) is a developing technology, which is a combination of cellular technology, ad-hoc network & wireless LAN to improve the safety of vehicle as well as driver. VANET communication can be of two types, first one is broadcast and second one is unicast. Either communication may be broadcast or unicast both are sensitive to different types ofassaults, for example message forgery, (DOS) denial of service, Sybil assault, Greyhole, Blackhole & Wormhole assault. In this paper machine learning method is used to detect the wormhole assault in VANET’s multi-hop communication. We have created a scenario of VANET by using AODV routing protocol on NS-3.24.1 simulator, which utilizes the overall mobility traces generated by the simulator SUMO-0.32.0 to model the wormhole assault. The simulation is performed by using NS-3.24.1 simulator, and the statistics created by flow monitor are collected. The collected data is pre-processed and the k-NN & Random Forest algorithms are applied on this data, to make the model such type so that it can memorize the wormhole attack. The novelty of this research work is that with the help of proposed detection & prevention technique, vehicular ad-hoc network can be made free from wormhole assault by using ML approach. The performance of proposed machine learning models is compared with existing work. In this way it is clear that our proposed approach by using ML is powerful tool by which the wormhole assaults can be detected in VANETs. A scheme based on packet lease and cryptographic techniques is used to prevent the wormhole attack in VANET

The article is devoted to solving the problems of internal economic relations in Ukraine in modern conditions in order to increase the efficiency of their functioning. Studied, systematized and generalized theoretical approaches regarding the features of the interaction of internal and external economic relations, which significantly complement the theory and methodology of the scientific principles of the branch economy. In Ukraine, during the period of restoration of trade and economic relations with the CIS countries and active integration processes in the world economy, the volumes and structure of exports and imports undergo significant changes. In this regard, it is advisable to forecast the export and import in the near future. Conceptual provisions regarding the formation of a national strategy, a mechanism for managing the development of Ukraine’s integration processes on the principles of improving the current legislative and regulatory regulation in the country are proposed. In addition to the convenience for calculations, the hierarchical model also has other significant advantages. So, a high degree of independence of groups from each other makes it extremely flexible.

INTRODUCTION: Today, most developed countries have considered natural disasters a part of their urban and regional planning and believe that preventing natural disasters is the best way to deal with them. Extensive natural disasters, especially in large cities, are always associated with negative consequences and disorder. Meanwhile, the role of specialized forces becomes extremely limited in quantity to save the lives of those trapped under the rubble and provide rapid relief to the injured because the factors of time and physical extent of the disaster play key roles in the success of the rescue operation. METHODS: This applied research was conducted based on a descriptive-correlational design. In this study, the location of the city of Sisakht city, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran, at the time of the earthquake was described, and without interfering with the variables, it merely measured them and drew conclusions about the characteristics of those properties or the relationship between the variables. This method evaluates the social benefits, desirability, or effectiveness of a process, product, or program, and focuses on the application of its findings. FINDINGS: The occurrence of widespread natural disasters, especially in major cities, is always associated with negative consequences, disorder, and confusion. In enormous disasters, such as devastating earthquakes, large amounts of rescue operations are carried out by people after the disaster. Meanwhile, the role of specialized forces becomes extremely limited in quantity to save the lives of those trapped under the rubble and provide rapid relief to the injured because the factors of time and physical extent of the disaster play key roles in the success of the rescue operation. CONCLUSION: In modern management, rapid relief during an earthquake has an important role in reducing casualties. Factors effective in saving time and providing rapid relief include choosing an optimal route to access the affected area and using new technologies, such as a Geographic Information System and Global Positioning System. In addition to playing a decisive role in reducing casualties and material damage, practical and rapid management can minimize the problems that occur in the medium and long term after an earthquake.

Linguistic and semantic differences are some of the main problems of translating the Holy Qur’an into English. The present study highlights the problem of lexical gap and examines a number of terms- totally 117 in 110 verses- of the Holy Qur’an, including the referential meaning of ‘sin’ and their English translations. The researcher aimed to find the strategies applied by three translators and three machine translation systems (MSTs) and to compare them.  In this regard, five frequent and common terms – ‘اثم’, ‘جناح’, ‘سیئه’, ‘ذنب’, and ‘وزر’-were selected. The strategies proposed by Mollanazar (2009) were employed to fill the gap.  To do so, the English translations produced by three machine translation systems (MTSs), namely Google Translate, SDL Free Translation and Systranet were compared with three human translation by M.H. Shakir, A.Qaraei and T.B.Irving. The results revealed that in most verses, almost in six English translations, a generic term was used without any additional information to make the sense clearer. There was no noticeable difference between human and machine translations in applying the proposed strategies to fill the gap and make the English version more meaningful in terms of these apparently similar but contextually different terms. Thus, it seems that these differences were not focused on, while rendering these given verses to English.