مطالب

Purpose: Psychological capital refers to the state of positive psychological development of a person and it is important and investigated considering thestrive to achieve goals and to undertake and make the necessary effort to succeed in challenging tasks. From the Islamic perspective, psychological capital (PC) is a person's belief in his abilities to achieve success, to have perseverance in pursuing goals, endure problems and having patience in this regard. The purpose of the current research was to design the model of psychological capital from the Islamic perspective in Iran's governmental organizations. Methodology: The current research is considered a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative). The qualitative section included Quran and Nahj al-balagha, and the quantitative section included PC experts, as well as faculty members who have conducted research in the field of PC. In the qualitative section, the study sample selected using complete enumeration and included Quran and Nahj al-Balagha, and to collect the data in the quantitative section, a total of 15 people were selected using purposive sampling method who then answered the questions of the Delphi questionnaire. According to the analysis of the Quran and Nahj al-Balagha, a total of 126 semantic expressions and primary open code as well as 17 PC-related indices were extracted. These indices were merged and then selective coding was carried out. In the second stage, Delphi quantitative research method was used. Finally, PC-related indices and items were extracted and categorized after data collection. Cohen's kappa index was used to validate the coding process and ensure quality control of the factors. Findings: The results of the research showed that the Islamic-based PC included 18 axial codes and 4 selective codes (the self-purification dimension with six axial codes; the patience dimension with two axial codes. Conclusion: the positive thinking dimension with four axial codes and the truth-seeking dimension with six axial codes).

Purpose: Educational activities play an important role in the growth and flourishing of talents and abilities. As a result, the current research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the model of implementing educational activities in the preschool period. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was practical and terms of implementation method was qualitative from type of exploratory. The statistical population of the present study was all the preschool period teachers in the east of Tehran province, numbering 1830 people who based on Cochran's formula the sample size was estimated to be 318 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data was collected with a researcher-made questionnaire of educational activities in the preschool period with 110 items and its face validity was confirmed by the opinion of 30 experts and its reliability was evaluated suitable by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analysed by exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling methods in SPSS and AMOS software. Findings: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the model of implementing educational activities in the preschool period had 110 indicators in 20 components and 8 dimensions. Its dimensions and components were included goals (with 2 components of general goal and partial goal), content (with 5 components of children's educational ability, analysis ability, content comparison ability, content recombination and content production training), teaching and learning strategies (with 2 component of teaching characteristics and teaching techniques), learning activities (with 2 components of personalized learning and active learning), grouping (with 3 components of individual characteristics of the child, various forms of group activities and emotional and social characteristics), resources (with 3 components of required resources and facilities , characteristics of resources and materials and use of visual resources and materials), evaluation (with 1 component of child evaluation characteristics), time and place (with 2 components of time management and space management) which their content validity ratio was calculated higher than 0.70 and their reliability with Cronbach's alpha method was calculated higher than 0.70. Conclusion: The confirmed model of implementing educational activities in the preschool period of the current research can help the specialists and planners of the education system in designing and implementing programs to improve the educational activities in the preschool period.

Islamic financial systems have been growing in many countries with different pace over the last four decades. The purpose of this paper is to construct a model of learning-by-practicing, explaining long-term growth of financial system. Benefiting from the literature of endogenous growth theories and using a dual financial system consisting of an Islamic financial system and a conventional one, the paper seeks to reveal some of the main growth characteristics of Islamic and conventional financial systems across countries and over time. The model suggests that learning-by-practicing Islamic finance will eventually create comparative advantage for Islamic financial system vs. conventional finance system provided it gets initially protected until sufficient level of learning accumulates in the whole Islamic financial system. Evidence shows that Malaysia with a dual financial system has been very successful in this regard, while Iran and Pakistan, each with single Islamic financial system, and have not been very successful in reaching their expected goals.