مطالب

Introduction: Shanfara is one of the most prominent Arab poetries. His poems, especially his ode Lamiyyeh, along with the poems of other notable pre-Islamic Arab poetries, have a specific literary and sociological reputation. He was living during the Jahili era. However, his writings are full of strong moral principles and foundations, indicating the existence of excellent human thoughts and ideas, as he has mentioned some of the most important values and principles in his poetry. This descriptive-analytical article uses Thomas Nagel’s ethical theory to investigate the ethical principles and values presented in Shanfara’s Lamiyat al-Arab. Materials and Methods: This article uses a library and review method. In order to achieve the research objective, we explored the books relating to the subject and searched articles matching the research keywords in ISC and Science Direct databases from 1990 to 2023. Conclusion: According to Thomas Nagel’s theory, Shanfara, as an Arab poet, is a freedom-loving human and a high-minded fighter whose character does not reflect racial or class discrimination and injustices used to rule society. Shanfara, to remove such inhuman customs, chose to fight. In addition, he was courageous, brave, and at the same time, forgiving and generous. He appreciates his friends, and while being able to exercise power and control, he does not prefer himself to others and respects their rights. Evidence of outstanding and valuable human and moral principles is extracted from the Lamiyah al-Arab poem.

Today, the approach of separating spirituality from religion in modern spirituality, in competition with spirituality derived from established religions, is prevalent. One of the key foundations of this approach is the liberalism towards Western readings. The present study aims to critique the basis of liberalism in separating spirituality from religion in order to clarify the fundamental flaws of this approach and the inadequacy of its results in providing for human spiritual life. In this regard, the works of Allamah Tabataba’i, as one of the greatest interpreters of Islamic teachings, have been extensively utilized. To this aim, data collection was done through library research and information processing using descriptive-analytical method with a critical approach. According to the findings, liberalism towards Western readings, rooted in individualistic humanism, is ineffective in the foundation of human spiritual life regarding the three major criticisms. Firstly, absolute freedom, which is the basis and component of the approach of separating spirituality from religion, is unattainable and non-existent. Then, freedom is not the ultimate goal but a tool to achieve genuine and true spirituality, and finally, rights-based approaches, considered as consequences of liberalism, are in contrast and on the other hand, duty-based approaches are the crucial basis for achieving true spirituality and without it, it is unimaginable.

General policies in any country act as a guiding light indicating the path to progress. In Iran, 41 general policies have been formulated and announced from the year 1377 until now. One of the vital among them is the general policies of the resistance economy. Achieving the goals of these policies is subject to precise and targeted planning. One of the crucial aspects of planning in the country is the five-year development plans. The Seventh Five-Year Development Plan for the years 1402-1406 has been approved while more than a decade has passed since the announcement of the general policies of the resistance economy. It is clear that the more crystallized the measures of the resistance economy in the Seventh Development Plan, the less the hope for reduction of Iran's economic challenges. In the second phase statement, the characteristics of an economy in balance with the revolutionary system have been specified. In the revolutionary system, a strong economy is not the goal but an important and effective means without which the goals of the revolutionary system cannot be achieved. A strong economy leads to internal satisfaction of the people and the impenetrability of the revolutionary system, and vice versa. Therefore, the question arises as to ‘What are the characteristics of an economy in balance statement for creating a revolutionary system?’ The second phase statement introduces an independent economy as part of the revolutionary system. To achieve this independent economy, the implementation of the policies of the resistance economy in the second phase statement has been proposed as a solution. Now the important question arises as to ‘Whether the Seventh Development Plan, in its economic dimensions, guarantees the implementation of the policies of the resistance economy to achieve an independent economy as a crucial and determining variable for creating a revolutionary system or not?’ The present study aims to answer this question by exploring the policies of the resistance economy and focusing on the 24 dimensions and chapters of the Seventh Development Plan. Based on the results, the Seventh Development Plan has covered 86% of the expectations of the general policies of the resistance economy and 14% of the points of the general policies of the resistance economy were not included in the Seventh Plan and were not addressed. 

The ancient site of Chiasi, located in Kuhdasht, Lorestan province, boasts a diverse cultural sequence spanning from prehistoric times to the Islamic era. Initial information about this site was first published in Goff’s archaeological reports in 1971, which highlighted the presence of surface materials belonging to the Chalcolithic Age and the Uruk period. Unfortunately, Tepe Chiasi has suffered significant damage over time, primarily due to natural erosion and, more recently, human activities. As a result, many of its cultural contexts have been lost irretrievably. To prevent further destruction caused by urban development in Kuhdasht, extensive archaeological studies were conducted at the Chiasi site. The research project began with a systematic survey of the site, followed by the excavation with 18 trenches measuring 1.5 × 1.5m to delimit the core zone and suggest the protective buffer zone. The analysis of the collected data revealed a lengthy cultural sequence at the site, ranging from the Neolithic Age to the fourth and fifth centuries AH.