مطالب

In the course of the 20 th century, Islamic human rights Instruments and documents have been issued as a result of conferences of Muslim scholars, sometimes through exchange of opinions with European human rights experts, and initiated by different Muslim countries. On the whole, these instruments/ documents have been mostly welcomed on the international level; partly they were the result of intercultural and interreligious dialogue. On the one hand, international experts on human rights became aware of the rich heritage of Islam in terms of collective and individual rights - on the other hand, the question arose if and to what extent the Islamic corpus of rights – enshrined in the Sharia’s – can be in accordance with the International Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. Islamic scholars as well as western human rights experts, both from their perspective, have analysed which differences or communalities exist, what their roots are and how they may influence the legal status of people in an Islamic or Eastern or Western context. The aim of such scientific approach should be to ensure that human beings have access to guaranteed rights and can expect protection when exercising those rights. In this paper I will try to present an overview on relevant discussions and developments, based on literature.  

Despite UNCLOS serving as the primary legal framework governing maritime conduct, challenges remain in effectively embedding human rights principles, ethical governance and inclusivity within its implementation, especially in geopolitically sensitive regions such as Malay Indo Archipelago. This raises the question of how fundamental legal traditions, such as those found in 15 th century Undang-Undang Melaka, a customary maritime code emphasizing human dignity, ethical conducts, and inclusive community governance- can highly inform and enrich contemporary international maritime law. The problem lies in the apparent disconnect between modern state centered ethical governance regimes and the human centered ethical governance principles that underpin long lasting peace. This study critically examines how the human right norms embedded in the Undang- Undang Melaka align with or differ from those in UNCLOS, arguing that the incorporation of these ethical and inclusive governance principle is crucial for fostering maritime cooperation, trust, and ultimately geopolitical peace. By exploring these normative intersections through a qualitative legal analysis, the research aims to demonstrate that the revitalization of customary law’s humanistic maritime governance, promoting more equitable and peaceful relations among maritime states. 

The traditional anthropocentric understanding of human rights is undergoing a profound re-evaluation in contemporary legal discourse. While historically focused on the individual human being, recent developments in international and regional human rights law reveal a nascent yet significant trend towards extending rights and protections to non-human entities. This article examines the legal basis and implications of recognizing "rights of nature" and considering the human rights dimensions of artificial intelligence, arguing that these emerging subjects challenge and reshape foundational concepts within human rights law. Abstract: The traditional anthropocentric understanding of human rights is undergoing a profound re-evaluation in contemporary legal discourse. While historically focused on the individual human being, recent developments in international and regional human rights law reveal a nascent yet significant trend towards extending rights and protections to non-human entities. This article examines the legal basis and implications of recognizing "rights of nature" and considering the human rights dimensions of artificial intelligence, arguing that these emerging subjects challenge and reshape foundational concepts within human rights law. Abstract: The traditional anthropocentric understanding of human rights is undergoing a profound re-evaluation in contemporary legal discourse. While historically focused on the individual human being, recent developments in international and regional human rights law reveal a nascent yet significant trend towards extending rights and protections to non-human entities. This article examines the legal basis and implications of recognizing "rights of nature" and considering the human rights dimensions of artificial intelligence, arguing that these emerging subjects challenge and reshape foundational concepts within human rights law.

The current research is based on a mixed study and with a sequential-exploratory approach with the aim of designing a career path model with regard to the impact of green human resources in the General Department of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare of Fars Province. The statistical population of the research includes academic experts and experts in the field of human resources management in the General Directorate of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare of Fars Province. Data analysis in the qualitative part was analyzed by Delphi method and Maxqda software, and the results led to the production of a questionnaire for the quantitative part. This questionnaire includes two components of career path in seven dimensions, green human resources in seven dimensions and 54 questions. The statistical population of the present research in the quantitative part is 190 employees of the General Administration of Cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare of Fars province, who were selected from among the 375 employees by one-stage cluster random method. It is necessary to explain that in order to collect the information of the questionnaire, two online and manual methods were used to collect the required information. used. that the variable of green human resources (independent variable) has a positive and significant effect on career path work.

Introduction: The concept of the “responsibility gap” in artificial intelligence (AI) was first raised in philosophical discussions to reflect concerns that learning and partially autonomous technologies may make it more difficult or impossible to attribute moral blame to individuals for adverse events. This is because in addition to designers, the environment and users also participate in the development process. This ambiguity and complexity sometimes makes it seem that the output of these technologies is beyond the control of human individuals and that no one can be held responsible for it, which is known as the “responsibility gap”. In this article, the issue of the responsibility gap in artificial intelligence technologies will be explained and strategies for the responsible development of artificial intelligence that prevent such a gap from occurring as much as possible are presented. Material and Methods: The present article examined responsibility gap in AI. In order to achieve this goal, related articles and books were examined. Conclusion: There have been various responses to the issue of the responsibility gap. Some believe that society can hold the technology responsible for its outcomes. Others disagree. Accordingly, only the human actors involved in the development of these technologies can be held responsible, and they should be expected to use their freedom and awareness to shape the path of technological development in a way that prevents undesirable and unethical events. In summary, the three principles of routing, tracking, and engaging public opinion and attention to public emotions in policymaking can be useful as three effective strategies for the responsible development of AI technologies.

  Objective: The purpose of this study was to ascertain how middle school students at Fakhri Zadeh School in Ardabil Province's academic year of 2023–2024 related their self-esteem, academic achievement, and test anxiety. Methods: The descriptive-correlational research approach was used for the objective of the study. All middle school students at Fakhrizadeh School were included in the statistical population, and 60 students from the same school were chosen for the study using convenience sampling. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and the Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) were the instruments utilized in this study. The SPSS program version 23 was employed for the tests, which included linear regression and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The current study's findings indicated no significant correlation between academic success and either test anxiety (p=0.47) or self-esteem (p=0.88). Test anxiety and self-esteem, however, were significantly and negatively correlated (p<0.001). Furthermore, test anxiety was significantly predicted by self-esteem (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study show that self-esteem plays a part in predicting test anxiety, and since students' self-esteem may be raised by offering them courses, it is feasible to establish the conditions necessary to lessen test anxiety.

 Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare personality traits, Perceived Social Support, and interpersonal relationships between two groups of prisoners: those who successfully reintegrated into society and those who re-offended.Methods: This research employed a causal-comparative method. The statistical population consisted of all individuals with a prison record in the central prison of Tehran city within the last 10 years (from 2014 to 2024). The sample size was 159 individuals (88 recidivists and 71 successfully reintegrated individuals), selected through purposive sampling in two groups: recidivists and successfully reintegrated individuals. Participants were assessed using NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Barton Communication Test Revised. The data were then entered into SPSS-22 statistical software for analysis and analyzed using analysis of variance and independent t-tests.Results: The findings revealed that among personality traits, significant differences between the two groups were observed only in the two dimensions of extraversion (P < 0.001) and conscientiousness (P < 0.001), as well as in the total score of Perceived Social Support (P < 0.003) and interpersonal relationships (P < 0.003). The comparison of means indicated that the meaning of these dimensions was higher in the successfully reintegrated group.Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that psychological variables such as extraversion and conscientiousness personality traits, as well as Perceived Social Support and appropriate interpersonal relationships, play a crucial role in successful reintegration into society and prevent re-offending.