مطالب

The Tafsīr book attributed to Imām Hassan ibn ʿAlī ʿAskarī (AS) or Tafsīr of  Abū Muḥammad Uṭrūsh is one of the Tafsīr al-Ma’thūr (traditional interpretation) of early Shi’a, which has long been the subject of controversy and discussion among Imāmī Shiite thinkers, especially the later scholars; and  even some consider it as fabricated which has been attributed to Imāmayn  ʿAskarīyayn (AS). Controversies about this book are multidimensional; that  is, it includes both the date of authorship and attribution of the book to the  author, and also includes the Isnād, narrators, and content of the book. Therefore, it is necessary to examine this interpretation from various aspects; one of these dimensions is the rijālī review of the narrators of this work to  find out how is its chains of transmitters? Is there any vacancy and anxiety in these chains of narrators? And also, what is the rijālī status of these narrators? Since the review of the narrators of Isnād up to Sheikh Sadūq has been discussed in other articles, in this article, only the rijālī review of ten of the narrators of this Isnād is discussed from Sheikh Sadūq to ʿAskarī Uṭrūsh. In this rijālī review of the narrators, it was found that the majority of the narrators of this part of the Tafsīr Isnād are unknown in the Imāmī sources, and the rest have not been confirmed.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : The present study aims at identifying the rights of family members based on religious sources and the impact of their observance on strengthening family bonds. METHOD AND FINDING : Using a descriptive-analytic methodology, this paper deduces the rights of family members and the impact of their observance on strengthening family bonds from family-related verses and traditions. The study shows that One of the factors responsible for stability, peacefulness and efficiency of a family is the respect its members show for each other’s rights. Most inconsistencies that jeopardize the familial efficiency are rooted in spouses not respecting each other’s rights and not giving honest appreciation to each other. Religious sources have considered rights for each one of family members including husband, wife, child, father and mother. Parallel to these rights, they have placed duties on each one of family members. Based on religious sources, it is the observance of rights together with performing duties that strengthen family bonds. CONCLUSION : One of the things that prevents family atmosphere from becoming cold saves family bonds from shattering is the couples' knowledge of their spousal rights, duties and obligations as well as the transparency of the mandatory and non-mandatory limits and expectations. That is, if, from the outset, the husband and wife are well aware of each other's rights and those of their children and set their expectations based on this knowledge, the family will be efficient.

SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES : Sibawayh, a leading grammarian in 8th Century used first time violent words and phrases such as “Izhaba, waqtala and wazrib” meaning “Go, and killed and hit”, and “Yazhabu, Yazribu, Yaqtilu and Yuzrib” meaning “He is going, hitting, killing and being hit” in his book “Al-Kitaab”. Since then, these types of words and phrases are being used in almost all the books of Arabic grammar. This article examines the concept and roots of militarization of textbooks and the effects of these words and phrases on human life and society. METHOD AND FINDING : In this research, content analysis has been used to quantify and analyze the presence of specific words and phrases used in Arabic grammar books, based on the psychology of words and human behavior. The words being used in our daily communication shapes human aura which has radiations that effects on emotional and physical state. A word, phrases and sentences carry not only meaning; but psychological effects, responsible to develop human Aura that influence human brain and personality. CONCLUSION : These words and phrases effect on human brain which leads people towards anxiety and irritability, consequently reduce human cooperation and collaboration in a significant manner. The nature of human thoughts depends on the words and phrases being used or heard and finally develop human aura that creates positive and negative energy in human. This research confirms adverse impact of negatives words and phrases on human life.