مطالب

Purpose: One of such changes is the rural sprawl and its physical-spatial consequences in rural areas and their surrounding lands which has led to land use change in agricultural lands, gardens and less planed physical changes. Design/methodology/approach: This study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical method using field works, regular interviews and monitoring of satellite images and GIS maps. This study sought to identify and explain the natural consequences of rural sprawl in the physical area of villages and their surroundings during a 20-year period from 1995 to2016. The study area included 24 large rural settlements around Hamadan County with an average rural population of 2,800 people in areas with farmlands and gardens. Finding: The findings showed that rural sprawl has resulted in unplanned proximity and intermingling of rural-urban functions in rural settlements, physical changes in surrounding rural settlements, changes in diversity and composition of rural land uses, changes in physical structure of rural areas, and increased number of single-family residential units and villas. Research limitations/implications: Difficulty in gathering data about the rural areas’ physical changes and access to data and documentation of some organizations and interviews with some groups were among the challenges of the study. Practical implications: Management based on settlement systems of suburban towns and villages in the form of rural-urban ties and metropolitan area of Hamadan (in macro level), integrated management based on legal limits of the villages and their immediate areas, regulatory and more planned intervention through compliance of the uses with the structures and functions of the villages were some of the recommendations in the managerial and planning level. Originality/value: There have been a limited number of studies on emerging concepts and phenomena in the villages surrounding the metropolises and big cities. Therefore, it was necessary to conduct a study and discuss the consequences of rural sprawl as a phenomenon in villages round cities.

The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between the comparability of financial statements as a qualitative financial reporting feature with the expected risk of stock price crash. The statistical population of this research includes all companies admitted to Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to achieve the research goal, 81 companies were selected for the period between 2010 and 2017 as a sample of the study. The research aimed at being an applied research and the research method is in terms of the nature and content of the correlation. The research has been performed in the framework of deductive-deductive reasoning and for analysis of the research hypothesis; statistical analysis of the logistics has been assisted. The results of the research hypothesis test showed a significant and negative relationship between the comparability of financial statements and the expected crash in stock prices.

Stock market is affected by news and information. If the stock market is not efficient, the reaction of stock price to news and information will place the stock market in overreaction and under-reaction states. Many models have been already presented by using different tools and techniques to forecast the stock market behavior. In this study, the reaction of stock price in the stock market was modeled by the behavioral finance approach. The population of this study included the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In order to forecast the stock price, the final price data of the end December, March, June, and September 2006-2015 and the stock prices of 2014 and 2015 were analyzed as the sample. In this study, Bayes' rule was used to estimate the probability of the model change. Through this rule, the probability of an event can be calculated by conditioning the occurrence or lack of occurrence of another event. The results of model estimation showed that there is the probability of being placed in high-fluctuated regimes (overreaction) and low- fluctuated (under-reaction of stock price despite the shocks entered to the stock market. In modelling with the 4-month final prices, it was proved that the real stock price had no difference from the market price.

Recent studies show that individual investors tend to speculate on stock markets and hold shares with a lottery-like return. For this speculation of people have a significant impact on stock returns, individual investors must trade the same shares with the same time. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the speculative bubble on the stock returns of companies in Iran. Following the design of the speculative bubble specification indexes, the transaction information was collected from the stock market in the five-year period from 2011 to 2015 and a sample of 106 companies was selected by systematic elimination method, which totaled 530 year-company. In this research, linear regression and correlation analysis were used to analyze the hypotheses of the research. To analyze the data and test the hypotheses, Eviews software was used. What can be said in the summing-up and conclusion of the general test of research hypotheses is that there is a speculative bubble in the Tehran Stock Exchange index. In addition, the speculative bubble has an impact on stock returns, and this effect has been confirmed in conditions of market boom and downswing. The results obtained in this study are consistent with the documents referred to in the theoretical framework of the research and financial literature.