درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The aim of the present research was to study the effectiveness of strength-oriented family therapy on hope, anxiety, stress and depression among mothers of children with cancer. The research method was quasi-experimental with experimental and control groups by pre-test and post-test. The statistical population included all mothers of children with cancer in Ardabil city of Iran in 2015. A group of 30 mothers were selected by convenience sampling method, and they were placed randomly in two groups (15 persons in the experimental group and 15 persons in the control group). All participants completed the Persian version of the Herth Hope Index (HHI-Persian version) and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). The experimental group received the strength-oriented intervention in 10 sessions. Multivariate analysis of covariance was applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that the strength-oriented family therapy causes a significant change in increase hope and reduce stress and depression in the experimental group. But there is no significant difference between groups in anxiety.

Objective: Pathogen disgust has evolved as a psychological adaptation in response to the avoidance of disease-causing organisms. Recently, evolutionary social psychologists have proposed the existence of a behavioral immune system that has evolved to avoid pathogens as a psychological adaptation. However, researchers claim that the concept of a behavioral immune system is not the same as pathogen avoidance. Therefore, in this study, the aim is to investigate whether the behavioral immune system is the same as the pathogen avoidance system or has a broader meaning. Method: using Google Scholar database keywords such as disease avoidance, pathogen disgust, the behavioral immune system were searched. PubMed for the behavioral immune system, system over perception disease cues, and disease over perception bias was investigated. All-time periods were used for this review study and more than two hundred documents were reviewed and extracted according to the criteria. Results: The findings show that there are three main mechanisms involved in the behavioral immune system. This system includes the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral mechanisms. Therefore the results showed that the behavioral immune system has a broader meaning than the pathogen avoidance system. Conclusion: Research on physiological correlations with emotional experiences shows that disgust is evoked in response to pathogen-related stimuli and is associated with unique patterns of autonomic nervous system and neural activity. However little is known about the functional connections between anatomical structures, neurochemical processes, and various cognitive and behavioral phenomena that are the manifestations of the behavioral immune system, and more studies are needed in this area.