درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Aim: The primary propose of the current study is to propose a model for predicting suicidal ideation based on early maladaptive schemas, with the mediation of interpersonal needs among high school students.Method: Employing a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) approach, the research investigated the interplay between early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal needs. The methodology was purposefully, applied research, correlational in its descriptive nature, and rigorously adherent to the SEM design . The study encompassed the entire second-grade high school student population in Qazvin City during the academic year 2022-2023. A stratified multistage cluster sampling method systematically extracted a random sample of 600 students. Data collection utilized three standardized instruments: Beck's Suicidal Ideation Scale (BSSI), Young Schema-Short Form (YSQ-SF), and the Interpersonal Needs (INQ). Robust data analysis employed SPSS 25 and Smart PLS softwareFindings: The results indicated that maladaptive schemas exerted an indirect influence on suicidal ideation, mediated through interpersonal needs. Conversely, no direct effect of maladaptive schemas on suicidal ideation was observed. Maladaptive schemas, however, exhibited a direct association with interpersonal needs, (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness), both of which demonstrated a direct correlation with suicidal ideation. The model's adequacy was confirmed through goodness-of-fit indices.Conclusion: The theoretical implications of this study significantly contributed to the understanding of the intricate relationships influencing suicidal ideation among high school students. Furthermore, the practical applications of these findings extended to educational organizations and counseling centers, offering valuable insights for the development of targeted interventions aimed at reducing suicide rates in this demographic.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on negative automatic thoughts and negative affect in depressed women. Methods: The design of this study was applied and quasi-experimental, featuring pre-test and post-test stages with two experimental groups and one control group, followed by a two-month follow-up period. The study population included all women diagnosed with depression who visited a private counseling center in Tehran in 2023. A convenience sample of 30 participants was randomly assigned equally to the two experimental groups and one control group. The Watson and Tellegen (1985) Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and the Hollon and Kendall (1980) Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software, applying three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc tests. Findings: Results indicate significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores for both therapies in terms of negative affect and negative automatic thoughts (p < .01), demonstrating the significant efficacy of both treatment modalities. No significant differences were found between post-test and follow-up scores (p > .05). Analysis using the Bonferroni test shows no significant difference in the efficacy of the two approaches on problem-solving components (p > .05). Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that both Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy are effective in reducing negative affect and negative automatic thoughts in depressed women, with no significant difference in the effectiveness of these therapeutic approaches.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the structural relationship between metacognitive beliefs, stress, attachment styles, and anorexia nervosa mediated by self-image. Methods: This research is a descriptive correlational study and is a type of modeling research; the study population included female middle school students from Tehran in the 2022-2023 academic year. The research sample was collected through convenience sampling. Participants included 215 female students who completed online questionnaires on Anorexia Nervosa (Stice et al., 2004), Body Self-Image (Rue & Associates, 1999), Anxiety, Depression, Stress-21 (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), Metacognitive Beliefs-30 (Cartwright et al., 2004), and the Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Besharat, 2005). Data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares method in SPSS and Smart-PLS software. Findings: The results showed that the modified structural relationship model of metacognitive beliefs, stress, and attachment styles with anorexia nervosa mediated by body self-image had the necessary fit. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that body self-image played a mediating role in the relationship between metacognitive beliefs, stress, and attachment styles with anorexia nervosa.

Objective: The current research was conducted with the aim of studying and investigating the role of tests and tools in the accurate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Methods: A total of 83 children (56 boys and 27 girls) diagnosed with autism or one of the comorbid diagnoses were selected and underwent the GARS-3 scale and the Psycho-Educational Profile Revised (PEP-3) diagnostic test. Additionally, parents were asked to complete a checklist provided by the researcher. The age range of the individuals with autism was between 2 and 7 years, with an average age of 6.5 years. Findings: The results of the statistical analyses of the data from this study indicated a significant role of diagnosis tools. Conclusion: So, the proper and timely use of diagnostic tests plays a significant role in the accurate diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders and also in determining the severity of these disorders.