درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual education on happiness and responsibility of male Students. Methodology: The present study was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population was eighth grade Male Students of Imam رضا school of Mashhad city in 2017-18 academic years. Totally 40 students were selected by a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into two equal groups (each group 20 students). The experimental group received 10 sessions of 80-minute multidimensional spiritual education and the control group didn't receive training. The research tools were Oxford happiness questionnaire and responsibility subscale of California psychological inventory. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and multivariate analysis of covariance methods in SPSS version-21 software. Findings: The findings showed that in the pre-test there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of happiness and responsibility (P>0.05), but in the post-test, there was a significant difference between them (P<0.05). Then, multidimensional spiritual education led to increasing happiness (F=11.79, P<0.001) and responsibility (F=5.36, P<0.025) in male Students. Conclusion: The results indicate the effectiveness of multidimensional spiritual education on happiness and responsibility. Therefore, it is recommended that counselors and therapists use a multidimensional spiritual education method along with other educational methods to improve psychological characteristics, especially promotion happiness and responsibility.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present a causal model of job motivation with organizational-citizenship behavior (OCB) and the mediating role of organizational commitment in teachers in Ramhormoz, Iran. Methodology: The sample was 250 (125 females and 125 male) teachers, selected by stratified random sampling method, in the academic year of 2016-2017. The study was applied and research method was correlation using structural equations. The measurement tools used were Herzberg Job Motivation Questionnaire (1966), Oregon and Kanovsky (1996) OCB Questionnaire (1996), and Allen and Meyer (1990) Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ). Coefficients and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. Findings: The findings in the direct paths of the model indicated positive direct effect of citizenship behavior on different aspects of organizational commitment and job motivation. Moreover, continuous commitment and emotional commitment had a direct effect on job motivation, but normative commitment did not have this effect. In the intermediary path of the model, citizenship-organizational behavior had positive indirect and negative indirect effects on job motivation, respectively through emotional and continuous commitment, but this effect was not significant through normative commitment. Discussion: According to the results of the research fitness of the proposed model increased after eliminating irrelevant paths and adding up new paths, so a good fit analysis was created for the final model.