درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: Consumers have recently become more concerned about environmental protection and have turned to eco-friendly products, also known as green products. To explore the factors that determine consumers’ green product purchase intentions, this study aims to measure the effects of TPB variables (e.g., perceived behavioural control, attitude, and subjective norms) on green product purchase intentions. Through this study, we build a theoretical framework that combines the ideas and perspectives of previous studies on sustainable consumption.Methods: In order to validate our research hypotheses, questionnaires were used to collect primary data from a sample of 219 participants in Algeria. Therefore, this research uses quantitative study method to design the research model which was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) method. We analyzed the statistical data using SPSS v22.0 and Statistica v08.Results: The results show that purchasing intention of green products is positively affected by attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavior control (PBC). Furthermore, our findings discovered that the influence of PBC on intention to purchase green products was more significant than the effects of SN and ATT, enhancing our understanding of the key drivers of green product purchase intentions.Conclusion: These findings can generate more suitable managerial implications and policy contributions to promote green product consumption. It also highlights the key factors determining consumers’ eco-friendly purchasing intentions in Algeria. Therefore, identifying and understanding these factors enables the organization to develop effective strategies that guide consumers towards sustainable consumption and mitigate the negative repercussions of environmentally harmful consumption.

One of the main concepts in finance is portfolio diversification and optimization. Typically, investors use the risk and return approach to diversify their portfolios. However, risk spillovers and market connectivity should also be considered when making investment decisions, especially during times of crisis. The TVP-VAR approach is used in this study to analyze risk spillovers and connectivity between the S&P 500 index, green bond, real estate, oil market, and dollar index in the USA from 2016 to July 2022. The TVP-VAR model is a time-varying model that may consider current political and economic circumstances. As a result, investors can choose wisely when it comes to their portfolios. According to comparisons with other markets, the S&P 500 index and the real estate market are the two most significant sources of volatility in the system. In fact, they not only transmit greater volatility, but they also take it in more. After 2020, there will likely be a significant increase in the volatility of the real estate market and the S&P 500 index due to the COVID-19 epidemic. Additionally, as anticipated, other markets have an impact on the green bond market. It does not, however, transmit them.

One of the main demands of investors (depositors and shareholders) of banks is transparency. However, in addition to the requirements for meeting this demand, measuring how to meet it has become challenging. So far, researchers have proposed different qualitative criteria for transparency. In this study, while introducing the correlation coefficient between book and market value at risk (VaRs) as a criterion of transparency, we seek to examine the stability of this criterion in different economic conditions. For this purpose, first, by using the e-garch model, the value at risk was estimated based on the balance sheet (book) information and also the market information of the banks' shares, then by calculating the correlation coefficients between book and market VaR’s under normal conditions, we predict book and market VaR’s using vector auto-regressive (VAR) models, along with defining three stress scenarios (Mild - Severe - hyper stress). We examined the significance of the difference between the calculated correlation coefficients in the three stress test modes. We thus tested the stability of the correlation coefficient of the defined scenarios. The findings showed that except for the correlation caused by the unemployment rate factor in mild and hyper-stress scenarios, in other cases, no evidence of H0 rejection was found, indicating the stability of the correlation coefficient between book and market VaRs as a measure of transparency.

Women have been trying to gain independence throughout history. In recent years, advances in technology and business have helped women to achieve this goal. According to women's personality and psychological characteristics, there are differences in their trading styles. One of the factors influencing the choice of this type of strategy is stress. In the last few years, stress and anxiety caused by Corona have become epidemic. In order to test the hypotheses, women traders active in the financial markets of Iran were examined using a Likert questionnaire in 2022, and interesting results were obtained. In order to carry out the research of this study, an interview was conducted first to find suitable questions and validity. Then, the statistical population and sample were selected, and the final questionnaire was distributed among them. MATLAB software was used to identify the number of common descriptive characteristics of the respondents, and finally, using EViews software, statistical analysis related to hypothesis testing was performed. The result shows that women play more conservatively and are risk-averse during the period of coronavirus infection. It has no effect on the volume and capital used in the transaction. The Corona anxiety has significant effects on the three dependent variables of conservatism, trading style, and trading (volume, capital, and number of transactions).

Financial literacy is a globally recognized priority, acknowledged for its significance in various countries. The present study endeavors to investigate the influence of financial literacy on Risk Tolerance and financial anxiety among teachers of English as a second language   in Iranian Public Schools. The focal point of this investigation revolves around the mediating responsibilities associated with Spending management. To gather the necessary data, an online survey was conducted, collecting responses from a total of 214 participants. Through an extensive exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, these data were analyzed. As a result, two hypotheses were found to be invalid; it was determined that financial literacy plays a pivotal role in shaping saving attitudes and managing spending habits. Furthermore, it was observed that both saving attitudes and financial anxiety significantly affect one's risk tolerance level.