بررسی تعاملات رفتارهای مالی شرکتی در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران تحت رویکرد پانل خود رگرسیون برداری (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
هدف: هدف اصلی این پژوهش، ارائه شواهد تجربی تعیین مشترک و هم زمان رفتارهای مختلف بنگاه ها از قبیل: چگونگی تعامل میان رفتارهای مالی مختلف بنگاه، بررسی امکان پذیری حفظ یک رفتار مالی و به تبع آن سیاست ویژه ای در سطح یکنواخت خود در مواجهه با شرایط ناپایدار، ضمن بررسی تعاملات پویای رفتارهای مالی شرکت ها است.روش: این تحقیق از چارچوب مدل سازی پانل خودرگرسیون برداری بهره می برد که محقق را از تعیین قبلی نقش و ارتباط چندین رفتار کلیدی بنگاه بر حذر می دارد.یافته ها: نتایج نشان می دهد طی سال های 1385 تا 1400، انگیزه علامت دهی در میان بنگاه های نمونه ضعیف بوده و تغییر سود پرداختی سهل ترین ابزار برای تعدیل هزینه ها، حفظ ارزش و چابکی بیشتر بنگاه قلمداد می شود.نتیجه گیری: حفظ پایدار و یکنواخت تقسیم سود کمترین اولویت را در میان رفتارهای مالی دارد و این موضوع می تواند تأییدی بر این نکته باشد که به دلیل تمرکز مالکیت بنگاه ها یا ارتباط نزدیک با قرض گیرندگان در کشورهای بانک محوری مشابه ایران، انگیزهٔ علامت دهی پایین است. از پیشنهادهای آتی این مطالعه، بررسی تعامل رفتارهای مالی بنگاه ها با درنظرگرفتن فضای تصمیم سازی بنگاه ها با وارد کردن نواقصی همچون نااطمینانی ها، سطوح نهادی و ساختارهای مالی متنوع با استفاده از رویکرد مدنظر این تحقیق است.Studying the Interactions of Corporate Financial Behaviors in Tehran Stock Exchange under Vector Auto regression Panel Approach
Objective: Although there has been an increasing amount of literature for a more detailed analysis of the corporate governance environment, they have tried to model its main policies including three factors of investment, dividend payout and financing, but there are still some unanswered questions in this regard. Some things like, how is the interaction between different financial behaviors of the company? And is it possible that, in the face of unstable conditions, maintaining a financial behavior and consequently a particular policy at its steady state level is superior to others? The main goal of this research is to provide empirical evidence of the joint and simultaneous determination of the aforementioned behaviors, while examining the dynamic interactions of financial behaviors of companies.Method: This research uses the vector auto regression panel modeling framework, which prevents the researcher from predetermining the role and relationship of several key behaviors of the firm., the main variables of the research include: the investment decision of the company (in the form of the ratio of capital expenditures to total assets), the amount of dividend payout (the rate of dividend payout was obtained by dividing the amount of cash dividend by the total assets), decisions to issuance (repurchase) equity (the ratio of issuance(or repurchase) of equity over total assets), the company's leverage ratio (the company's total debt divided by total assets) and return on assets (net income divided by total assets).Results: The unit root showed that all research variables are at a stable level, and the circle unit root test indicates that the model satisfies the condition of stability. A study conducted on a selected sample of 118 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange showed that during the years 2006 to 2022, all firm s financial behaviors are jointly determined and the companies have changed the amount of dividend payout payout, debt, investment and finally the shares issued, respectively, in order to absorb the incoming shocks, which is a confirmation of Hierarchical theory of financial resources. Also, it seems that the incentive of signaling is weak among the sample companies and changing the dividend payout is considered the easiest tool to adjust the costs, maintain the value of the company and make the company more agile. Some of the results of financial behavior of companies are as follows:Investment is largely determined exogenously, and firms adjust investment only slightly, about 22 percent, to absorb shocks to other financial behaviors. This issue can be due to the high cost of stopping and starting an investment project.There is the least willingness to adjust decisions related to issuing shares to achieve other financial goals. This issue can be caused by the adverse effects of issuing shares according to the theory of agency costs. But unlike some studies that introduce dividend payout payout rates as stickier than leverage rates (such as Fama and French, 2002), in this analysis, in order to absorb shocks to other variables, dividend payout changes are observed more than leverage rates. Therefore, it can be said that dividend payout decisions are the most endogenous financial decisions in Iran.Firms tend to adjust existing shocks by changing dividend payout instead of adjusting other financial behaviors. However, even this number of changes indicates that the dividend payout is not a pure shock absorber. In other words, it may be the first choice, but it is not the only financial behavior that is always used to absorb incoming shocks.Stock issuance (or repurchase) decisions have the highest cost of deviation. Stock issuance (or repurchase) decisions expose managements inside information to the public, so it is natural that they do not want to continually signal to the market that their stock is overvalued by issuing stock. Therefore, companies refuse to use this financial behavior to absorb shocks to the company.Conclusion: The results of the research showed that with a shock to any of the financial behaviors, other financial behaviors also change, which is a confirmation of the joint determination of the desired financial behaviors of the company. It also seems that the change in the amount of equity, or the net issuance of shares, according to what is always emphasized in the hierarchy theory, entails a very high cost for the company so companies avoid its continuous changes. At the same time, contrary to existing primary studies, the company's dividend payout payout according to the evidence of the study (Allen and Michele, 2003) does not contain information about the company's future earnings. In other words, maintaining a stable and uniform distribution of profits has the lowest priority among financial behaviors, which shows that there are no concerns about the motivation of signaling among the companies sampled in this research. Also, due to the concentration of ownership of companies or the close relationship with borrowers in bank-oriented countries similar to Iran, the level of motivation for signaling is low. Based on this, one of the future proposals of this study is to examine the interaction of financial behaviors of companies by considering the decision-making space of companies by introducing frictions such as various uncertainties, the diversity of institutional levels of companies and various financial structures using the approach considered in this research.
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