International Journal of Business and Development Studies

Objective: Consumers have recently become more concerned about environmental protection and have turned to eco-friendly products, also known as green products. To explore the factors that determine consumers’ green product purchase intentions, this study aims to measure the effects of TPB variables (e.g., perceived behavioural control, attitude, and subjective norms) on green product purchase intentions. Through this study, we build a theoretical framework that combines the ideas and perspectives of previous studies on sustainable consumption.Methods: In order to validate our research hypotheses, questionnaires were used to collect primary data from a sample of 219 participants in Algeria. Therefore, this research uses quantitative study method to design the research model which was tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) method. We analyzed the statistical data using SPSS v22.0 and Statistica v08.Results: The results show that purchasing intention of green products is positively affected by attitude (ATT), subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavior control (PBC). Furthermore, our findings discovered that the influence of PBC on intention to purchase green products was more significant than the effects of SN and ATT, enhancing our understanding of the key drivers of green product purchase intentions.Conclusion: These findings can generate more suitable managerial implications and policy contributions to promote green product consumption. It also highlights the key factors determining consumers’ eco-friendly purchasing intentions in Algeria. Therefore, identifying and understanding these factors enables the organization to develop effective strategies that guide consumers towards sustainable consumption and mitigate the negative repercussions of environmentally harmful consumption.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between word of mouth, corporate image and customer patronage intentions of financial services.Design/methodology/approach – The research analyses whether word of mouth and corporate image are predictors of patronage intentions. Specifically, the paper examines the moderating effects of corporate image in the relationship between word of mouth and patronage intentions using structural equation model. Data were collected from 848 customers selected from financial services firms. Exploratory and confirmatory factors analysis was performed on the study items after which the hypotheses were tested.Findings – The findings suggest that word-of-mouth has a significant impact on customer patronage intentions and corporate image also has significant influence on patronage intentions. Corporate image was found to moderate the relationship between word of mouth and patronage intentions. This indicates that word of mouth and corporate image are central to customer patronage intentions towards financial services.Research limitations/implications – There are limitations of the research. The first significant limitation is that the variables had various sub-dimensions. The second limitation is about sampling of the participants to represent all the customers of financial services in Ghana.Practical implications – This paper provides useful insights into financial service industry on the dimensions of word-of-mouth, corporate image, customer patronage intentions and how they are interrelated.Originality/value – the study of the interactive effects of word of mouth and corporate image on patronage intentions is unique and contributes to the explanation of customer behavior literature.

Objective: Due to the importance of the relationship between the state and the university, which indicates the governance model of the university, this paper first determined the characteristics of the different models of university governance and then examined and identified the models of governance of Iranian universities during six development plans. We considered three governance models (state-centered model, Humboldt model, market-oriented model). Methods: Quantitative content analysis was used in order to evaluate the six development plans of Iran regarding different governance model. Results: The results show that the most frequencies for state-centered model presented in the first Development Plan and the most emphasis of Humboldt model was on the fifth Plan. The component frequency of the market-oriented or entrepreneurial governance dimensions in the Iranian development plans indicates that this model was considered for the first time in the third plan and the emphasis on this model in the development plans shows an increasing trend. Conclusions: The estimation of the weighting indicators showed that the emphasis of the development plans on turning to the market-oriented or entrepreneurial model in decision making is increasing, so we suggest that more researcher in their study consider transition toward third-generation universities in Iran as a developing country.

Objective: Due to globalization, its economic impacts, and the capacity of family businesses to create socio-emotional value on an international scale, this study aims to establish a comprehensive theoretical framework for the internationalization of family businesses.Methods: Using a mixed-methods approach, 1,727 articles from the Web of Science database were identified over a decade, and 42 relevant theories were systematically reviewed. A subsequent narrative review further examines these theories in the context of family business internationalization.Results: These theories are categorized through two approaches: first, a multidisciplinary approach, which includes general management theories, internationalization theories, and family business-specific frameworks; and second, an interdisciplinary approach, organizing these theories within the framework of theoretical evolution. This evolutionary process starts with theory building, continues with theory development, and concludes with theory testing.Conclusions: The primary contribution of this study is the identification of core assumptions within each theory related to family business internationalization. Additionally, by extracting key concepts based on content correlation, this research presents a conceptual model that enhances understanding of the theoretical framework and highlights gaps in the evolution of these theories. These findings provide a valuable foundation for future research in the dynamic and evolving field of family business internationalization.

In the present study, the role of quantitative easing on the stability of financial markets in Iran has been analyzed from the quarterly data of 2006-2021 using the econometric model with vector error correction model (VECM). To estimate the model from some observable variables, the effects of quantitative easing on financial market variables, including (liquidity volume, capital adequacy rate, credits granted to the private sector by banks, bank deposit interest rate, stock market index and exchange rate) were estimated. The data was extracted from the official website of the Securities and Exchange Organization and the Central Bank. In VECM models, the estimation was done in both short-term and long-term periods with the aid of Eviews software. The findings of the research, based on the estimation of long-term and short-term relationships, show that quantitative easing has a positive and significant effect on the stability of financial markets. With the MP1 index increasing by one percent, the Financial Market Stability Index increased by 4.157 percent.

This study investigates the effects of macroeconomic variables on the stock market (stock price index).The effects of macroeconomic variables including global gold and oil price, exchange rate, interest rate, economic growth rate on the Iranian stock market has been investigated by using a non-linear distributed auto-regression model .The results indicated that the relationship between oil price and oil price index in the short term and long term is direct and inverse, respectively. The effect of the exchange rate on the stock price index is direct in the short and long term. In such a way that a long-term positive shock will lead to an increase of 0.87 percent and a negative shock of the exchange rate will lead to a decrease of 8.6 percent of the index. The effect of the positive interest rate shock in the short and long term on the stock price index is insignificant. Meanwhile, the negative shock of the mentioned variables will lead to a 0.12 percent decrease in the stock price index and in the short and long term on The positive shock of the gold price on the stock price index is insignificant.In terms of our results, economic growth has positive relationship with the stock price index. This result is in line with a one percent increase in economic growth, the stock price index will improve by 0.09 percent and with a one percent decrease in the economic growth rate, the stock price index will decrease by 0.1 percent.

Financial sanctions have many economic consequences for the oil exporting economies. The sanctioned economy adopts economic policies to deal with it. This paper examines the relationship between financial sanctions, oil revenues and monetary and fiscal policies in Iran and explicates how financial sanctions have affected Iran's access to oil revenues. It also examines the role of fiscal and monetary policies in financial stability and resilience in Iran's economy. To this end, we employed a DSGE model with the new Keynesian approach. The results indicate that the interest rate, consumption, imports and inflation have a positive reaction to the oil revenue shock resulting from financial sanctions. However, the production, export, private sector investment and oil sales indicate a negative reaction to the oil revenues’ shock. Regarding the monetary policy shock, the reaction of production and consumption to the shock is positive. However, the reaction of oil sales and interest rate to this shock is negative. In terms of financial policy shock, production, consumption, investment and export indicated a positive reaction to this shock. However, the interest rate, imports and oil sales indicated a negative reaction to the fiscal policy shock. Monetary and fiscal policy shocks increase the effect of financial sanctions for a short period, while monetary policy shock has reduced the effect of financial sanctions for three periods. Therefore, monetary policy has been more effective than fiscal policy in reducing the effect of financial sanctions.

In this article, the impact of various factors such as whether the company is public or private, certificate of clearance and the company's income on the paying tax situation by 57 large companies in the Sistan and Baluchistan province, has been investigated. Since the dependent variable of tax collection is a binary variable, probit and logit models have been used to estimate the coefficients. The results of using two models show that all three explanatory variables have a positive and significant effect on tax payment by companies. And the biggest effect is related to the certificate of clearance, state of the company, and company's income, respectively. Examining the final effects also shows that as the company's income increases, the probability of paying its taxes has decreased and this is because the company with a larger income pays taxes on time and better because of the fear of the consequences of not paying taxes and also knowing with the rules of paying taxes. Therefore, with the increase in income, the probability of paying the company tax also increases less. The Hosmer-Lemshow statistic also indicates that the models fit well and the model is consistent with the data. It is suggested that the laws be amended in such a way that it is necessary for the companies to complete the accounts so that the government can collect taxes from more companies through this law. and limit the way of tax evasion.

Money laundering refers to the concealment of the illegal origin of proceeds obtained from criminal activities, making it appear as if they stem from legal sources. This phenomenon has numerous negative impacts on various economic and social spheres; thus, the countries` authorities - alongside international bodies - have sought to combat it by enacting the necessary laws and regulations and enforcing them. This collaboration occurs to prevent the establishment of a free zone for money laundering and ensures that the efficiency of enforcing these regulations is not disrupted. Iran, due to being in the financial Action Task Force (FATF) blacklist, is considered a free zone from this perspective. This makes the research on evaluating money laundering methods applicable to this country and also makes selecting suitable methods significant and appealing. Therefore, this study utilized the findings of the study by Hendriyetty and Grewal (2017) and, considering the information limitations in Iran, employed a combination method using capital flight approach as an index for measuring money laundering. The results of the research indicate that over a 28-year period, from 1995 to 2022, approximately 553 billion dollars have been laundered in Iran, averaging about 20 billion dollars annually. The highest amount of money laundering in Iran occurred in 2011, during which nearly 55 billion dollars was laundered in the country. Additionally, the observations show the lowest amount of money laundering at around 4.8 billion dollars in 2001.

Financing decisions such as capital structure have gained much attention in literature of financial development over the last decade. Capital structure deviations from its optimal level can occur for various reasons. According to the dynamic trade-off theory, continuous adjustment of capital structure to maximize company value is essential. If companies adjust their capital structure quickly towards the target leverage, past financing activities and historical market conditions will only have short-term effects on the current capital structure. Conversely, if companies adjust their capital structure slowly, the opposite is true. We examine the relationship between organizational and performance characteristics and capital structure, as well as the speed of adjustment, in financial and non-financial firms listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange and compare these effects between the two categories of companies. The statistical population consists of companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2022. The results show that the speed of capital structure adjustment is lower in the financial sector compared to the non-financial sector. Additionally, three performance variables—profitability, growth opportunities, and liquidity—are statistically significant and impact capital structure and its adjustment speed in both financial and non-financial sectors. However, the growth opportunities variable has a different effect direction in the financial sector compared to the non-financial sector, while the age variable does not have a significant effect. Regarding organizational characteristics—complexity, institutional ownership, and size—only organizational complexity in the financial sector is significant at a 95% confidence level, while all organizational characteristics are significant in the non-financial sector

The present study aims to investigate the mediating role of reflective identity in the relationship between neuroeconomics and entrepreneurial decision-making . The research method is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive survey based on structural equation modeling in terms of nature and procedure. A questionnaire was used to collect field data. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and the construct validity was calculated using confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the research tools was calculated using Cranach’s alpha test and a composite reliability higher than 0.7 was achieved, which reveals the appropriate validity of the research tools. The statistical population of the research consists of 110 entrepreneurs based in the Science and Technology Park of Zahedan. Morgan's table was applied to determine the sample size, and 86 individuals were selected as the statistical sample by using simple randomization. For analyzing the research data and answering the research hypotheses, SPSS23 and Smart PLS software and the structural equation modeling test were used. The research findings indicated that reflective identity has a mediating role in the relationship between neuroeconomics and entrepreneurial decision-making of the entrepreneurs based in the Zahedan Science and Technology Park. It should be mentioned that a better understanding of the issues pertaining to the upcoming choices for entrepreneurs will lead to better decisions. Therefore, this understanding of the neural basis of decision-making can lead to entrepreneurial decision-making in a special way, which often includes risky choices under conditions of uncertainty.