درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: This study aimed to find out anxiety and depression among tertiary level students in Bangladesh during COVID-19 outbreak. Method: The online survey design was used in this study. To measure anxiety and depression, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scales were used. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the impact of several factors on the likelihood that respondents would report that they had a problem with anxiety and depression. Results: The strongest predictor of binary logistic regression of reporting anxiety was gender (OR: 2.848; 95% CI; 1.836-4.417; p < .001) indicating female students had about 2.9 times more likely to report anxiety than male students controlling for all other factors. The duration of using social media (OR: 0.567; 95% CI; 0.329-0.978; p < 0.05) was also affecting the level of anxiety of the students. Depression was getting affected by the present living place (OR: 0.507; 95% CI; 0.316-0.814; p=.005). Conclusion: This study showed that students were having different level of anxiety and depression. Gender, the present living place and the duration of using social media were the significant factors for anxiety disorder. Depression was also getting affected by the present living place and the duration of using social media.

Objective: the present study aimed at studying the relationship between job stress and personality traits and also if the effect of job stress on personality traits was moderated by social support. Method: The populations consisted of offshore personnel working in Iranian Offshore Oil Company (IOOC) in Kharg Island. 234 participants using convenience sampling answered three questionnaires (job stress, very brief NEO-form, and perceived social support of family-scale). Four main hypotheses using structural equation analysis were examined. Results: The findings showed a predictive effect between the personality traits and job stress except for openness to experience such that job stress had an increasing effect on neuroticism and a decreasing effect on extraversion, agreeability, and conscientiousness. Social support, on the other hand, as a moderator decreased the effects of job stress on personality traits except for openness to experience, extraversion, and agreeability such that it decreased neuroticism and increased conscientiousness. Conclusion: the results generally revealed the predictive effects of job stress on personality traits and showed that social support, as a buffer, can reduce the effects of job stress on personality traits. The results were discussed based on the existing models on personality changes.

Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the effectiveness of Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) on depression of heart disease patients in Tehran city in 2019. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all heart disease patients in Tehran city, among whom 30 individuals were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 in each group). The experimental group received Emotionally Focused Therapy training in nine 60-minute sessions, and the control group remained in the waiting list. The research instrument was depression questionnaire (Beck, Steer & Braun,1996) which was conducted in two stages of pretest and posttest. The analysis was performed through SPSS v24 in two descriptive and inferential statistical sections. Results: The results indicated that intervention used in this study could significantly decrease depression in heart disease patients (p˂0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, Emotionally Focused Therapy can be an effective intervention in reducing depression in heart disease patients.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) on distress tolerance, pain perception, and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Method: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and follow-up with control group. The statistical population included all female patients with relapsing-remitting MS who had referred to Neuroscience and Rehabilitation Research Centers of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 20 patients were selected by convenience sampling and were randomly assigned into experimental (10 patients) and control groups (10 patients). The experimental group received the CBSM. Participants completed scales. To measure IL-12, the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: CBSM increased the distress tolerance and components of pain perception (perceived influence of important people and doing daily affairs) (p <0.001) and it decreased pain severity and IL-12. Also, these changes remained stable during follow-up. Conclusions: CBSM is an effective to influence on distress tolerance, pain perception, and IL-12 in MS patients.

Background and Purpose: Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, the contracting of which causes numerous physical, psychological and social consequences. However, there are a number of defense mechanisms humans possess, which are responsible for protecting an individual against the stress, anxieties and pressures of everyday life. Accordingly, the present study was undertaken with the aim of comparatively investigating the defense mechanisms in a group of woman with temporal lobe epilepsy against a non-clinical group of females. Materials & Methods: The research design of the present study was based on a causal-comparative case study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all epileptic women and their normal counterparts who had referred to Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran during the first half of 2019. The sample population included 40 female patients already diagnosed with temporal lobe epilepsy by neurologists through electro-encephalography who were randomly selected and compared to their 40 normal counterparts. The two studied groups were similar in terms of age, education and marital status. Research data were gathered using the Andrews Defense Mechanism Questionnaire (DSQ40) and analyzed by the SPSS24 software program employing multivariate statistical analysis of variance. Results: There was a significant difference (p <0.05) between the defense mechanism used in epileptic women and that of healthy women. Conclusion: It can be concluded that women with epilepsy have different defense mechanisms and are more likely to use immature mechanisms and neurotic defense mechanisms (only in terms of False Altruism ) when compared to normal women

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of lifestyle-based stress management program on emotional problems and life satisfaction in patients with myocardial infarction. Method: This research was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and control group. The statistical population of this research consisted of all patients aged 40-65 years old with myocardial infarction who were under treatment at Kasra Hospital in Karaj in the first six months of 2019. The study sample consisted of 90 patients with heart attack who were identified among the patients and selected by targeted sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale as well as the Satisfaction With Life Scale. The collected data were analyzed using the method of Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: Multivariate analysis of covariance showed that the lifestyle-based stress management program significantly reduced emotional problems and increased life satisfaction in the experimental group (p <0.01). Conclusions: The stress management program helped patients identify dysfunctional thoughts that trigger anxiety and depression and experience fewer emotional problems by feeling self-control, attention management, changing the assessment system and using cognitive strategies. Also, by identifying and correcting irrational attitudes and beliefs, the subjects were able to better cope with the physical effects of the disease or to deal with its negative psychological complications and have more life satisfaction. These findings have important implications for education and promoting mental health of patients with myocardial infarction.

Objective: One of the most important social factors that have been consistently identified as a predictor of healthy aging is marriage satisfaction. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of social support on marital satisfaction with mediating role of emotional loneliness and physical activity. Method: This study was descriptive and correlational based on structural equations. The statistical population consisted of all the elderly in the care centers of Shahrekord and Farsan in 2019, among whom 180 individuals were selected randomly. The participants filled out research instruments including Relationship Assessment scale (Hendrick, 1998), Perceived Social Support scale (Zimet, et al., 1988), Adult’s Social and Emotional Loneliness scale (DiTommasso, et al., 2004), and Leisure-time Activities scale (Godin, 1985). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used through SPSS (version 23) and AMOS (version 23) software to analyze the data. Findings: The results demonstrated direct effect of social support, emotional loneliness and physical activity on marital satisfaction (p <0.001), and indirect effect of perceived social support on marital satisfaction through emotional loneliness and physical activity (p <.05). Conclusion: The SEM results of the current study support the proposed model which explains the interrelationships between perceived social support, loneliness, physical activity, and marital satisfaction. According to the findings of the present study, it is suggested to pay more attention to the variables of social support, emotional loneliness and physical activity in order to improve the marital relationships of the elderly. The findings of this study can help psychologists and other caretakers create more effective family matter programs for the older generations to enhance their marital satisfaction.