درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present study aimed to predict guilt based on social anxiety and social-emotional loneliness in working women seeking divorce. This study is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive correlation type. The statistical population of this study consisted of all working women seeking divorce in Tehran in 2024. 200 people were selected through purposive sampling from the family counseling centers of the judiciary. The research tools included the Guilt Inventory by Kugler and Jones (1992); the Social Phobia Inventory by Connor et al. (2000) and the UCLA Loneliness Scale by Russell (1996). The research data were analyzed using stepwise regression analysis and SPSS-22 software. The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between social anxiety and loneliness with guilt at the 0.01 level. Social anxiety (P=0.009, β=0.183) positively and at a significance level of 0.01 predicted guilt, and loneliness (P=0.005, β=0.197) positively and at a significance level of 0.01 predicted guilt. In general, the results showed that guilt feelings are predicted based on social anxiety and social-emotional loneliness in working women seeking divorce.  

Cognitive flexibility is critical for psychiatric nurses facing high-stress environments, yet effective interventions to enhance this skill are underexplored. This quasi-experimental study aimed to evaluate the impact of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on cognitive flexibility among psychiatric nurses. Sixty-two nurses from Razi and Saraye Ehsan psychiatric centers in Tehran were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n = 31 each). The experimental group participated in eight 90-minute group-based ACT sessions, adapted from Mohagheghi et al. (2015), incorporating interactive exercises, mindfulness practices, and homework to foster psychological flexibility. The control group received no intervention. Cognitive flexibility was assessed using the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) at pretest and post test. Paired t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were employed to analyze within-group and between-group differences, controlling for pretest scores. The experimental group showed a significant increase in CFI scores (M_diff = 17.14, SD = 5.27; t(30) = 18.12, p < .001). ANCOVA revealed a significant group effect (F(1, 60) = 19.63, p < .001, η² = 0.71), with 71% of post test score variance attributed to the intervention. No significant demographic differences were found between groups. The findings suggest that ACT is an effective intervention for enhancing cognitive flexibility among psychiatric nurses, potentially improving their ability to cope with workplace stress. However, the small sample size and lack of long-term follow-up limit generalizability. Future research should explore ACT’s sustained effects and applicability across diverse healthcare settings.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based well-being training on occupational stress, resilience, and academic optimism among female teachers in Zahedan. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The statistical population comprised all female elementary school teachers in Zahedan during the 2024-2025 academic year, from which 40 participants were selected using multistage random sampling and randomly assigned to experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The experimental group received mindfulness training over eight two-hour sessions. The research instruments included the Occupational Stress Inventory (Osipow, 1998), the Academic Optimism Questionnaire (Beard et al., 2010), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (2003). Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA). The results demonstrated that mindfulness-based well-being training had a significant effect on reducing occupational stress (F=36.37, p=0.001, η²=0.51) and increasing academic optimism (F=24.17, p=0.001, η²=0.41) and resilience (F=6.84, p=0.013, η²=0.16) among teachers. The effect sizes indicated a strong impact of the intervention on improving the studied variables. Therefore, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based well-being training can be utilized as an effective intervention to promote mental health and reduce occupational pressures among teachers.

Objective: Obesity is a complex, multifactorial, chronic, and progressive disease that has become a crucial public health problem worldwide. Therefore, it seems necessary to identify risk and protective factors to prevent obesity and treat obesity. This study aims to identify the risk and protective factors of obesity in women. Method: The study was descriptive-correlational. The research sample consisted of 429 overweight and obese women, selected through voluntary sampling. To collect data, a physical activity questionnaire, core beliefs of eating questionnaire, self-criticism questionnaire, shame and guilt scale, self-esteem scale, body image concern questionnaire, stress-anxiety-depression questionnaire, and weight self-efficacy questionnaire were used. The obtained data were analyzed using stepwise regression using SPSS 24. Results: The findings showed that among obesity risk factors (core beliefs of eating, self-criticism, shame and guilt, concern about body image, stress-anxiety-depression), the core beliefs of eating, stress, and depression can predict obesity. Also, the research results showed that among obesity protective factors (weight self-efficacy, self-esteem, and physical activity), weight self-efficacy can predict obesity improvement more than other variables. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present research, we can say that the variables of core beliefs about eating, stress, and depression as risk factors and the variable of self-efficacy as a protective factor can predict body mass index.

Objective : The present study aimed to present and investigate the structural model of the effectiveness of the cognitive-based intervention on cortisol and lipid profiles, with the mediating effect of cognitive flexibility and behavioral brain systems in overweight people with high stress. Method : The research design was experimental with a control group, pre-test-post-test, and follow-up design. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The statistical population of this research was all 190 people referred to the cosmetic surgery clinic in 2023. The research sample consisted of 30 people (15 for the experimental group and 15 for the control group) selected through the purposeful sampling method and according to the research inclusion and exclusion criteria. The respondents answered the Behavioral Activation / Inhibition Systems Scale (Carver & White, 1994) and Connor and Davidson’s Flexibility Questionnaire (2003). A semi-structured interview was used to measure stress. Results : The results of univariate covariance analysis showed a significant difference between the two experimental and control groups in the variables of brain-behavioral systems (F = 3.824, P = 0.035) and cognitive flexibility (F = 4.958, P = 0.032). Also, the effectiveness of the cognitive intervention on cortisol was 0.70. It means that 79% of the changes obtained in the post-test scores of the experimental group were due to the intervention. Conclusion : We can conclude that stress leads to an increase in overweight and a reduction in an individual's flexibility and positive attitude toward body image. Therefore, using Yoga, breathing exercises, cognitive therapy, and treating overweight people to manage their stress correctly is necessary.

Background: Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and rumination have been recognized as significant factors influencing occupational performance; however, their direct and indirect interactions within the workplace have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to analyze the effects of EMSs on job performance and the mediating role of rumination. Methods: A cross-sectional design was utilized, employing standardized questionnaires to evaluate EMSs, levels of rumination, and job performance among employees. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to ascertain the direct and indirect relationships between the variables. Results: The findings revealed that EMSs exerted a significant direct negative effect on job performance (β = -0.33) and indirectly diminished performance through rumination, which was strongly correlated with EMSs (β = 0.65; β = -0.51). These results are consistent with previous studies that emphasize the role of EMSs in triggering repetitive negative thinking patterns, thereby diminishing individuals' capacity to manage work-related stress. Conclusions: EMSs and rumination emerged as significant predictors of job performance. Interventions aimed at addressing rumination and fostering supportive organizational environments may alleviate the negative effects of EMSs and enhance employee productivity. The findings highlight the importance of identifying and managing these factors to promote mental health and organizational effectiveness.

Grit, defined as the relentless pursuit of long-term goals through passion and perseverance, has emerged as a crucial adaptive resource associated with success across various domains. Despite its acknowledged significance, limited research has examined the social and contextual determinants of grit, particularly in non-Western contexts. This study addresses this gap by exploring two potential social antecedents – perceived social support and parenting styles – among students preparing for the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) examination. The results revealed significant associations between students' grit scores and both their perceived social support and parenting styles included in the study. Furthermore, parenting styles also emerged as significant predictors of grit. These findings not only highlight the complex relationship between social factors and grit but also offer valuable insights for promoting grit in the demanding context of UPSC exam preparation. This research contributes to the understanding of grit's social antecedents and suggests directions for future research in this domain.