درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The uncontrolled growth of tall buildings in contemporary cities has caused numerous visual and psychological issues for urban citizens. This study's framework examined the combined effect of architectural and vegetation variations on the scape of tall buildings and the oppression imposed on citizens. The architectural changes of the tall building included form (rectangular, stepped and pyramidal), gap (in single building (without gap, small and large gap) and between buildings (middle, sides and middle and sides)), console (1, 2, 2,5, 3, 3.5 and 4 m), and setback (1, 2 and 3 m) of the building from the base. Vegetation changes also included the distribution of different tree species on the façade and the positioning of the trees within each species. To assess the impact of architectural and vegetation changes on oppression, the method was based on the framework for assessing the oppressiveness of tall buildings and people's opinions. In conclusion, vegetation demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in perceived oppression compared to architectural modifications. The results of examining the architectural scenarios showed that as the pyramidal form of the building increased and the gap between the single tall building (or between tall buildings) widened, citizen-imposed oppression decreased. Also, as the console of a tall building decreased to less than 2.5 m and the setback increased to more than 2 m, the oppression decreased significantly. Also, the results showed that using concentrated and horizontal vegetation at the base and shaft of tall buildings has effectively reduced oppression (Compared to other vegetation change scenarios).

The oil industry in the modern era has played a pivotal role in population growth, industrialization, and the formation of modern cities, particularly in Iran's Khuzestan province. Beyond their industrial function, oil wells have had a profound impact on urbanization, architecture, and lifestyles in Masjid I Sulaiman, serving as significant symbols. The physical development of this city accelerated with the construction of residential complexes for oil industry workers and industrial infrastructure, leading to a redefinition of Masjid I Sulaiman's urban identity at the intersection of tradition and modernity—an identity that distinguishes the city. This study examines the impact of British colonial presence and oil industry activities on the development of villa-style housing in Masjid I Sulaiman, intending to analyze the formation of this housing type under these influences. Previous studies have focused on the economic and social impacts of the oil industry; however, the effects of oil wells on spatial and architectural patterns in oil cities, such as Masjid I Sulaiman, have been underexplored. This research analyzes the role of industrial elements in shaping residential patterns by examining spatial and architectural aspects. Employing a qualitative approach, the study uses hermeneutic phenomenology and space syntax to analyze the cultural and spatial dimensions of villa-style housing. The space syntax analysis reveals that the courtyards of Bagh-e Melli and G-Type, with high integration, enhance social interactions, while Scotch Crescent, with greater spatial depth, indicates class segregation. The hermeneutic analysis portrays bungalows as multilayered texts that represent social, cultural, and economic meanings, highlighting their architectural heritage.

By examining the modern cities of Iran with a historical background, it is evident how the changes in city structure over the past few decades have impacted the lives of individuals in society. Among these Iranian cities, the city of Shiraz is notable. The historical background of the city of Shiraz dates back to the sixth century BC. Over time, due to natural and governmental factors, the city's structural patterns have undergone significant changes, each unique in its time, with specific positive and negative spatial effects resulting from its type of spatial organization. This research aims to examine the transformations in spatial configuration within urban spaces over time and to identify patterns and qualitative and quantitative characteristics that affect these transformations, with a particular focus on the reorganization of the general disorganization in the structure of Shiraz City. The methodology of this research is based on documenting the evolutionary process, incorporating logical reasoning. Additionally, relevant materials and maps have been obtained through observation, field surveys, and library studies, which the authors have redrawn for clarity. Subsequently, the maps were analyzed and evaluated using UCL Depth Map, a specialized software for spatial syntax, and the results are presented. The findings and analyses conducted in this research indicate that the historical transformations of spatial configuration have deteriorated the historical context of Shiraz due to its physical expansion, reducing the quality of its urban environment.