درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The beginning of the political crisis in Syria, each regional and trans-regional actors have adopted different policies based on their interests and goals in relation to this country. Syria is an exceptional issue for countries in the region and the world's powers like the United States of America, and any transformation in that form might have a fundamental impact on the interests of each of these regional and global powers. Turkey as a regional power and the United States has always been present in the Syrian crisis as a regional power based on its interests. But the United' support of the present groups in Syria has sought to fight ISIS extremists, which Turkey has called for terrorist groups to reduce the US and Turkey relations. The present study was conducted using descriptive-analytic method and using documentation sources to provide a theoretical framework, the question of why Turkey is against United States about the Syrian Kurdish issue? This study investigates the presence of United States in Syria and the support of Kurdish groups, as well as the reaction that Turkey and Iran have been involved in. The findings of this article indicate that the United States support the Kurdish groups in northern Syria has led to conflict of interest between the two countries.

Cities have plentiful of tourism attraction and they always attract many tourists. Therefore, sustainable urban tourism development and its wise management require planning. In this research, the most important goal is to assess and enhance Chalus tourism carrying capacity toward sustainable development of urban tourism. This survey is a developing kind and its method is quantitative and analytical. In this survey, Chalus city has been selected not only because of having many attractions and its importance in national and international levels but also because of its multiple roles. The time domain has been 2016. The results show that caring capacity and tourism quality of the city is much more than what is now although, tourism facilities and infrastructure of the destination is still in the progress and negative socio - cultural effects of the destination is gradually perceived by the tourists and number of tourists is more than capacity. Totally, it can be concluded that Due to the volume of tourists being more than physical capacity of tourism in this destination, local community have felt negative sense of tourism impact on cultural and social dimensions. On the other hand, the quality of the tourism experience in Chalus is declining and only natural attractions of this city is attracting tourists to the destination and proper facilities tourism could not have played appropriate role in this regard.

Over the past few decades, the growing population and the high density of human environments and the development of urban life in most of Iran's cities have caused problems such as limiting natural environments and neglecting ecological conditions such as rivers, forests and natural resource depletion has led to the emergence of severe challenges. Regrettably, in the case of rivers and their marginal lands, in most cities, we face disregard and lack of proper monitoring; urban rivers are one of the most effective sights in cities with this feature. It is considered that by using the correct potential of the rivers inland, the equilibrium of the relative We created between artificial spaces (man-made) and natural spaces in the city and emphasized the presence and participation of more people in natural environments. In order to create and motivate the presence and participation of citizens in the first stage, there is a need for a space for social interactions that We will strengthen the mental and social health of individuals, and in the second stage, we need a standardized and comprehensive urban design, taking into account the general principles of design, as well as observing the appropriate visual corridors in urban space, in order to create the motivation and possibility of the participation of the people, the main issue in research Present study of environmental factors affecting the visual structure of rivers Urban Rhone and the impact of rivers on improving the quality of landscapes of cities with this potential. This paper has been compiled on the basis of content analysis methodology and data analysis using SWOT technique is presented in Table 5. As a result, the paper has a practical structure that includes a series of basic steps to improve urban landscape indicators along the river bed and provide tourist facilities along the periphery of the rivers in the city.