درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Foreign direct investment (FDI) as a growth accelerating component has received a great attention in developed countries even in developing and less developed countries during recent years. It has a matter of greater concern for the economists how FDI affects economic growth of the host country economy. In closed economy there is no access to the foreign instruments and savings, this type of economy solely based on the domestic savings and investment sources. But in open economy, the investment comes from both sources either from domestic savings or foreign capital inflows like FDI. FDI enables the host country to achieve the investment level beyond its capacity to improve GDP and economic growth.  FDI encourages the process of economic growth by filling up the saving-investment gap; transferring advanced technology, new entrepreneurship. This study investigates the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on economic growth in 30 Islamic countries. The econometric model is estimated by using Pooled Mean Group (PMG) for dynamic heterogeneous panels over the period 1992-2018.  The results of the study show that FDI inflows have positive and significant effects on economic growth. Of course, the impacts of interaction terms between FDI and human capital; FDI, and trade openness on economic growth are more than each of them separately in the long and short run.  The study suggests that the Islamic governments should design and implement appropriate fiscal, monetary and trade policies to make and improve an enabling environment to attract foreign Capital inflows as a supplementary source of domestic investment.

Based on the World Health Organization (WHO), the efficiency of the government health system plays a vital role in improving the citizens’ quality of life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between political stability and corruption within the health system. The (ARDL) bounds testing approach was used in this study. The data of this study was collected from the second season of 1997 to the fourth season of 2018 once in every season and were analyzed into two groups. In the first group, infant mortality, mortality of children aged under 5, and life expectancy are dependent variables, and gross domestic product (GDP), immorality, and health care expenses are independent variables, and in the second group, the explanatory variable, namely political stability, were added as independent variables. According to the long-term results, in the first group, GDP and government health expending have a negative impact on children and infant mortality; moreover, GDP, government health expenditures, and political stability have a negative impact and corruption has a positive impact on children and infants' mortality in the second group respectively. The effects of all four variables on life expectancy were negative, which can be justified by the indicators of sustainable development and the environment. Therefore, more attention is needed by planners to allocate resources along with the leverage of corruption control and strive for political-economic stability that undermines long-term growth and prosperity.