درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: One of the variables that effect on the distribution of job opportunities is rent. Therefore, the aim of this study was the sociological analysis of rent production in the distribution of job opportunities. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The research population was employees familiar with the field of research of Tehran municipality, which based on the principle of theoretical saturation, 10 people were selected as a sample with the purposive sampling method. The data was collected by semi-structured interview and its psychometrics indicators were confirmed. The data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding based on the grounded theory in MAXQDA-2021 software. Findings: The findings showed that for the sociological analysis of rent production in the distribution of job opportunities were identified 36 concepts, 17 components and 12 categories; So that in the central phenomenon there were one category of rent allocation (gang play, arrangement based on survival and personalization of decisions), in the causal conditions there were two categories of male monopoly (ideological structure and gender hegemony) and showing bureaucracy (bureaucracy in the service of appointments), in the background conditions there were two categories structural oppression (confusion of just criteria with unjust methods) and gender oppression (unbalanced access in the distribution of facilities), in intervention conditions there were one category of the possibility of perceptual error (effective external features and effective personality traits), in strategies there were four categories of purposeful communication action (self-identification and self-enhancement), empowerment (women's self-reflection), value-oriented rationality (superiority of maternal and wifely roles over women's social roles) and irrational tolerance (normalization of discrimination) and in the consequences there were two categories of organizational failure (unbalanced organizational growth and inappropriate social organization) and acquired sense of inferiority (role conflict). Finally, according to the components and categories, a pattern based on the grounded theory of sociological analysis of rent production in the distribution of job opportunities in Tehran Municipality was designed. Conclusion: The designed pattern of sociological analysis of rent production in the distribution of job opportunities in Tehran municipality can help the specialists and planners of Tehran municipality in the equal distribution of job opportunities.

Purpose: The Covid-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to higher education institutions, necessitating a robust resilience framework to navigate disruptions and ensure continued educational excellence. This study aimed to design a resilience pattern for higher education institutions based on grounded theory, drawing insights from the experiences of stakeholders in Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran, Iran. Methodology: The present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The target population was all students, employees, and faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran, Iran. The sample size of this study was determined based on the principle of theoretical saturation, resulting in a total of 29 participants who were selected by the purposive and theoretical sampling method and were underwent to a semi-structured interview. Interview validity was established using triangulation, and reliability was assessed using the intercoder agreement coefficient method, yielding a value of 0.72. The data obtained from semi-structured interviews were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding techniques in ATLAS.ti qualitative software version 9. Findings: The analysis showed that the resilience pattern of higher education institutions in response to the Covid-19 pandemic had 189 concepts, 39 subcategories and 10 main categories based on the systematic grounded theory. In this pattern, the central phenomenon was the resilient response of higher education institutions to the Covid-19 pandemic. Causal conditions were categorized into three main categories: individual (6 subcategories, 29 concepts), organizational (7 subcategories, 41 concepts), and social (3 subcategories, 11 concepts). Intervening conditions consisted of national factors (4 subcategories, 18 concepts), while context were represented by global factors (4 subcategories, 16 concepts). Strategies included prediction and prevention (3 subcategories, 17 concepts), response and coping (5 subcategories, 24 concepts), and adaptation and compatibility (3 subcategories, 18 concepts). Consequences were classified into short-term (2 subcategories, 8 concepts) and long-term consequences (2 subcategories, 7 concepts). Finally, the resilience pattern of higher education institutions in response to the Covid-19 pandemic based on grounded theory was designed. Conclusion: The proposed resilience pattern serves as a valuable guide for higher education institutions to proactively address the challenges posed by unforeseen disruptions, fostering adaptability and sustainability in an increasingly volatile world. The framework emphasizes the importance of resilience not only at the organizational level but also among students, staff, and faculty members. By incorporating this pattern into their strategic planning and operational practices, higher education institutions can enhance their capacity to navigate crises such as Covid-19 pandemic and emerge stronger amidst adversity.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to predict students’ social movement citizenship based on open classroom climate, political efficacy and civic knowledge. Methodology: This study was an applied research according to the purpose and is a type of descriptive-correlational researches on the basis of data collection method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all the students of the college of education and psychology at Semnan University in the academic year 2018-2019. The participants were 227 students (107 male students, 120 female students) who were selected using stratified random sampling method. All of them completed open classroom climate, political awareness, civic knowledge and social movement questionnaires. The data was analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software and Pearson correlation coefficient technique and path analysis model. Findings: The findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between open classroom climate, political efficacy and civic knowledge with students’ social movement citizenship. Open classroom climate has not a direct and significant effect on students’ social movement citizenship. Open classroom climate has a significant indirect influence on students’ social movement citizenship through mediation of political efficacy. Open classroom climate has a significant indirect impact on students’ social movement citizenship through mediation of civic knowledge. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the importance of paying attention to the role of open classroom climate, political awareness and civic knowledge in increasing students’ social movement citizenship.

In today's rapidly advancing electronics industry, the widespread use of electrical and electronic equipment has made sustainable management of end-of-life (EOL) equipment a pressing need. A global system is required to facilitate informed decision-making regarding e-waste. Manufacturers must therefore devise strategies for effectively managing products during the EOL phase. This article introduces a novel framework for managing e-waste during the EOL phase to identify the most appropriate EOL options to minimize e-waste. The proposed framework harnesses the power of Twitter as a data source, utilizing data mining techniques to extract consumer opinions on e-waste. The article also outlines the development of a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process method and a multi-objective mathematical framework, enabling efficient decision-making in EOL processes based on e-waste information obtained from Twitter data. The study's findings have the potential to assist equipment manufacturers in identifying flaws in electrical and electronic equipment by analyzing customer opinions shared on social media platforms. Furthermore, by analyzing consumer sentiment towards e-waste, manufacturers can gain a deeper understanding of customer perspectives and develop appropriate strategic plans for selecting suitable EOL processes for returned products. This study underscores the significance of social media data in addressing e-waste management challenges, showcasing the profound impact of customer opinions.

The Competitive Industrial Performance Index (CIP) measures a country's ability to produce, add value, export, and impact global trade through manufacturing industries. To improve industrial competitiveness, focus must be given to expanding production and enhancing its quality with technological advancements. Developing countries need to build technological capacity, increase production, and invest in infrastructure to upgrade their industrial competitiveness. However, Iran's Competitive Industrial Performance has fallen behind, lacking a favorable position in the region and the world. The annual reports of the UNIDO analyzing data from 1990 to 2020 shows that Iran's performance has been weak compared to similar economies. The gap between Iran and the global benchmark (Germany with a score of 0.416) and the regional benchmark (Turkey with a score of 0.117) has widened over the past three decades. Additionally, Iran's manufacturing industry production and export structures have experienced two different directions of transformation in the past two decades. From 2000 to 2010, concurrent with the Third and Fourth Development Plans, the Manufacturing Value Added share in total GDP (MVAsh) increased from 9% to 14%, and the Medium- and High-tech manufacturing Value-Added share (MHVASH) in total manufacturing value added increased from 41% to 45%. However, during the years 2010 to 2020, concurrent with the Fifth and Sixth Development Plans, both of these mentioned indicators regressed. Notably, the regression in the level of technology for high-tech products, from 0.9% to 0.5%, is continuously declining and poses a fundamental challenge for Iran's industrial competitiveness.