درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

 The extant s tudy aimed to analyze the acous tic comfort situation in contemporary apartments based on urban spaces in Tabriz, Iran. This s tudy was conducted using a quantitative method within the field survey at two levels of the ques tionnaire (perceptual situation) and field measurements (acous tical condition). The researcher-made ques tionnaire was used to collect data in the firs t s tep. Architecture experts approved the validity of the ques tionnaire; its reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha (0.926). All experiments associated with airborne noise field measurements (background sound and sound pressure level) were done using 2260Inves tigator. Firs t, background noise was measured in two open and closed windows inside the considered residential units. In the next s tep, sound pressure level (SPL) Figures were plotted using level rate and sound s tandard in different plan spaces. Ultimately, the authors assessed noise criteria and their difference with sound levels. The results indicated the undeniable effect of traffic, among other variables of acous tic comfort, on dissatisfaction caused by noise in urban areas of Tabriz. This effect was not only definite but also so significant that there was no change in patterns emerging in noise level, even based on the SPL measurements.

Purpose: Today, with the transition from the industrial economy to a knowledge-based economy, the economic value of the human resource in the organization is more evident than ever. Human resource accounting is a relatively new approach to calculating the value of human resources as a part of the organization's capital and assets. This study aimed to identify the components of human resources valuation and design the employee valuation pattern in the country's banking network based on the human resources accounting approach. Methodology: The study was conducted using a mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) in three consecutive phases. In the first phase, the components affecting the human resources valuation process were extracted through the content analysis of related studies. After extracting the general components, initial interview questions were formulated using them. In the second phase, additional components and indicators were identified through semi-structured interviews with elites and informants in human resource accounting. In the third phase, using quantitative methods, the validation and ranking of the components were done. Finally, the valuation pattern of the country's banking network employees was formed. Findings: The final pattern included a total of 36 components in four categories: individual and personality characteristics (11 components), professional qualifications (9 components), social capabilities (7 components), and organizational costs (9 components). Conclusion: The proposed pattern in this study can provide the possibility of a multi-faceted valuation of the banking network employees in Iran due to the coverage of a wide range of components affecting the valuation.

The theory or school of social deterrence, unlike the school of heroism, emphasizes the influence of social conditions and measures governing the economy and social product methods in the emergence and development of historical events. In its extreme form, this doctrine leads to ignoring the personalities and leaders’ contributions to the events. Historians of the Safavid reign influenced by the attitude of heroism in describing Shāh Ismā'il 's character and narrating the events in his time, have highlighted his role as a supernatural savior. This attitude has influenced contemporary researchers, among which some have analyzed the events of his period focusing on his leadership. Despite this attitude, the rise of Shāh Ismā'il can be explained based on the social theory, where Shāh Ismā'il's character is subject to social conditions and the role of tribal support forces that is his leadership is of less concern. The objective here is to assess the emergence of Shāh Ismā'il the I based on social deterrence theory, in a descriptive-analytical manner. The findings indicate that the pieces of evidence revealed in historical writings, where the conditions, contexts, and previous factors in the rise of Shāh Ismā'il under his personality and leadership are of concern. Contemporary researchers have assessed this issue in its social and economic sense, or resorting to the theory of social deterrence, thus, discounting his character as a leader.

This paper looks at how Muslim women with an Iranian background and now living in Canada perform their identity through wearing the hijab. This was achieved by observing the behavior of six members of this community on Facebook using Erving Goffman’s stigmatization theory. The observation reveals that women who wear the hijab are more likely to identify themselves as Muslim-Canadian while those who have abandoned the hijab after immigration are more likely to identify themselves as Iranian-Canadian. Moreover, the results show that while Goffman’s theory is very useful in trying to understand the stigmatization of the veil after the 9/11 attacks as well as other extremists’ attacks, the pressures that this created on Muslim women, as well as the behavior of some women in dropping the veil in order to ‘pass’ such stigmatization, his theory is of limited use in understanding the more complicated performance of women who kept their hijab in spite of the challenges they faced.

The article is devoted to linguo-imagological analysis of the image of Persia of the 19th century in the Russian language consciousness of the 19th and 20th centuries. The material for the study was the novel of the historian writer Yu. N. Tynianov's “Death of Vazir Mukhtar”, dedicated to the last year of life and the tragic death of the poet-diplomat A. S. Griboyedov. The subject of the description in the article was two realities of Persian being, usually the first arising in the minds of people who are not carriers of culture of that time-the Shah's harem and eunuchs. The key characteristic of the harem is the army, the eunuchs are emptiness. These realities, like all the others, are presented as objectively as possible, with artistic instructions on the cause and effect of all events, that is, Yu. N. Tynianov appears as a historian scientist and a talented writer.