درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The Central Bank has specific regulations, including asset classification guidelines and how to perform loan’s loss provisioning to oversee banks and credit institutions. The Central Bank seeks to improve the quality of the loan and reduce the amount of nonperforming loans by reducing the revenues of the bank or credit institution through imposing fine on balance of each of the categories of non-performing loans. In this study, the effectiveness of this policy has been investigated using the system dynamics method. The results of the research indicate that the application of the above policy would at least lead to a 17% reduction in the amount of non-performing loans’ accumulation. Research suggests that, if the coverage factor of a pledge during the provision of loan, increases the effectiveness of the policy in the fight against the accumulation of non-performing loans will be eliminated. This phenomenon suggests that the Central Bank needs to focus more on preventive regulatory approaches than on a priori methods in monitoring the credit institutions in providing a loan.

مقاله حاضر با هدف طراحی و اعتبارسنجی الگوی اخلاق مدیران مدارس ابتدایی انجام یافته است. شیوه پژوهش، اکتشافی متوالی (کیفی/کمی)، از نوع ابزارسازی، و راهبرد پژوهش در بخش کیفی بصورت تحلیل محتوا، و در بخش کمی، پیمایشی می باشد. داوطلبان در بخش نخست 16 نفر از اساتید دانشکده های علوم تربیتی، به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند، و در قسمت کمی 330 نفر از مدیران سازمان آموزش و پرورش به شیوه نمونه گیری تصادفی انتخاب شده اند. ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات در بخش اول، مصاحبه نیمه ساختاری و در بخش دوم، پرسشنامه محقق می باشد. پرسشنامه مذکور دارای 3 موُلفه اصلی و 81 گویه برمبنای طیف لیکرت 5 درجه ای است. روش تحلیل داده ها در بخش کیفی، شیوه کدگذاری، و در بخش کمی، مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری می باشد. برنامه نرم افزاری Lisrel ثابت نمود که موُلفه های اصلی اخلاق حرفه ای شام 3 بعد شخصی، درون سازمانی، و برون سازمانی و 9 موُلفه فرعی مشتمل بر ویژگی های فردی، شغلی، هیجانی، مدیریت و رهبری، راهبردهای اخلاق، توانمندی های حرفه ای، عوامل وظیفه ای، اجتماعی، فرهنگی، و 81 کد باز می باشد. نتایج تحلیل ها، عامل تاُییدی، و ضرایب آلفای کرونباخ نیز روایی می باشد که پایایی مدل را تاُیید نموده است.

Purpose- Rural tourism can be considered a country-related experience that includes a wide range of attractions and activities. They can be related to agriculture and might increase opportunities to provide services to local communities. In the same time, they can change the nature of geographical landscapes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of rural tourism development using the structural equation model in Gaikan Village of Aligudarz County. Design/methodology/approach- This is applied study, in terms of purpose, and in terms of method, it is descriptive-analytical. To fulfill the purpose of the study, field study and survey were used. Using Cronbach's alpha test, the reliability for two feasibility components (attractions and capabilities of rural tourism, and obstacles and problems of rural tourism development), were 0.79 and 0.80, respectively, which indicates the good fit of the research tool. The statistical population consisted of three categories of experts, tourists and villagers (270 people in total: 13 experts, 129 tourists and 128 villagers) who were selected by simple random sampling. In order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS20 and AMOS software were used. Findings- The findings showed that the most important attractions and tourism capabilities of Gaikan Village are in four main categories: cultural and religious attractions, use of organic product, rural welfare facilities and services, and natural attractions. Also, the most important restrictions and obstacles of tourism development in this village are: lack of proper investment, avoidance of using agricultural products and related industries, ignorance of local people about the benefits of tourism, lack of amenities, and creating environmental pollution. The last one has a significant relation with tourist development. Research limitations/implications - Lack of proper access to transportation infrastructure, roads, and accommodations in the area of Aligudarz County has created limitations for the development of tourism in the study area. Moreover, access to tourists and key informants of rural issues (statistical population of the study) was one of the problems in the research. Practical implications - Due to the lack of transportation, accommodation, and public infrastructure in Gaikan Village, establishing the accommodations such as hotels as well as camps are suggested in the region. Originality/value- The feasibility of tourism development can lead to understanding the tourism process in accordance with the local systems and finally, designing a suitable local model.