درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The overarching goal of this study was to create a list of the most frequently occurring academic words in Food Science and Technology (FST). To this end, a 4,652,444-word corpus called Food Science and Technology Research Articles (FSTRA), which included 1,421 research articles (RAs) randomly selected from 38 journals across five sub-disciplines in FST, was developed. Frequency and range-based criteria were used to develop Food Science and Technology Academic Word list (FSTAWL). Word families had to occur in more than 19 journals, and they had to recur at least 134 times in the whole corpus. The computer programme RANGE was used to analyse the data. The results of frequency and range-based analysis showed that 1,090 academic words met the criteria of the study and constituted FSTAWL. The results also revealed that these words accounted for 13% of the coverage in the FSTRA.  FSTAWL provides food science and technology non-native English learners who need to read a large number of RAs and to publish FST RAs in the English journals with a useful list of the most frequently used academic words, helping them to strengthen their academic reading and writing proficiency. The findings echo calls for creating more discipline-specific word lists to cater for the needs of specialized learner populations, providing implications for materials producers  as well as explicit teaching of academic words.

Urban heat island is a phenomenon caused by increased urban activities and transformations in the natural environment. Increased urban population and increase in the height of buildings, particularly in metropolitan areas, have led to vast changes in the urban geometry, amount of released heat, pollution rate, and meteorological parameters. All these factors contribute to the occurrence of heat island phenomenon in urban areas. Sky View Factor (SVF) is one of the main factors related to pollution, temperature variations, heat island, and other environmental parameters. Housing density policies stipulated in Tehran's detailed plan would possibly have several impacts on the sky view factor. The SVF axis of the Envi-met software uses various parameters such as topography, wind velocity, and urban morphology to simulate and measure sky view factor. This study aims to evaluate impacts of the future high-rise developments, in the Narmak neighborhood of Tehran through modeling future changes in the sky view factor. For this purpose, data related to Haft Hoz square located in the Narmak neighborhood was collected, simulated and analyzed using SVF. Results indicate that in the business as usual scenario, the factor’s value would be in a range between 0.19 and 0.77; whereas, by implementing the scenario proposed in the detailed plan the factor will decrease to fall in a range between 0.08 and 0.69. This reduction in the intensity will possibly increase heat island impacts in the study area. This study emphasizes the necessity of taking compensatory policy measures and incorporating environmental considerations in urban development plans.