درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between parental abuse and adolescent antisocial behaviors, with the moderating role of effortful control behavior in students. Methods:  This study was a descriptive-correlation type. The research population included the students of KhorramAbad city in the academic year of 2023-2024, of which 171 people were selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included the Demare Parental Abuse Questionnaire (2000), Donnellan and Burt's Antisocial Behavior Questionnaire (2009), and Ellis and Rothbart's Effortful Control Questionnaire (2001). Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression were used to analyze the data. Results: The results of structural equations showed that there is a significant relationship between parental maltreatment and students' antisocial behavior. Also, effortful control has a moderating role in the relationship between parental abuse and antisocial behavior. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be said that parental abuse significantly increases students' tendency toward antisocial behavior. Meanwhile, high effortful control can reduce the negative effects of this misbehavior, while low effortful control leads to the strengthening of these effects.

Objective: The aim of this study was to predict Internet addiction in teenagers based on parenting styles, family emotional atmosphere, and marital conflict of parents. Methods: The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the present study included all second-year high school students in public high schools in the city of Ardabil during the academic year of 2021-2022. 375 students were selected by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the Internet Addiction Questionnaire (2010), Parenting Styles Questionnaire (2002), Affective Family Atmosphere Questionnaire (2013), and Marital Conflict Scale (1986). Data analysis was done using SPSS- 25 software, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression. Results: The results showed that there is a negative and meaningful relationship between Internet addiction, authoritative and autocratic parenting styles, and the emotional atmosphere of the family (P<0.05). Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between marital conflict, neglectful parenting style, and internet addiction (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that parenting styles, family emotional atmosphere, and marital conflict of parents play an important role in predicting teenagers' internet addiction. Therefore, it is recommended that psychologists and school counselors hold workshops with the aim of reducing and preventing internet addiction among teenagers.

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of examining the pattern of structural relationships of quality of life based on a health-promoting lifestyle with the mediation of helplessness tolerance in mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: The research method was descriptive and correlation-based on structural equations. The statistical population was all the mothers of children with autism in Bushehr who enrolled their children in exceptional schools and also had a case in the Bushehr Autism Association in 2023. From this community, a sample of 200 people was selected by available sampling method and completed the questionnaires on quality of life, health-promoting lifestyle, and tolerance of helplessness. SPSS25 and SmartPLS3 were used to analyze the collected data. Results: The results of the structural equations showed that the health-promoting lifestyle (p<0.005; β=0.24) has a direct and positive effect on the quality of life and a direct and positive effect on tolerance of helplessness (p<0.005; β=0). Also, the health-promoting lifestyle (p<0.005; β=0.18) has a significant effect on the quality of life through the mediation of helplessness tolerance (P=0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study can provide evidence for the development of appropriate intervention programs to increase the quality of life among mothers of children with autism through specific health-promoting behaviors.

This study examined the effect of moral intelligence training on the academic conscience and academic competence of female students in Zahedan. A quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all eleventh-grade female students of empirical science in Zahedan during the 2024-2025 academic year. Sixty students were picked via purposive sampling and subsequently assigned to either a control group or an experimental group at random. Data collection tools included the Moral Intelligence Training Program (Borba, 2005), the Academic Conscientiousness Questionnaire (McIlroy & Bunting, 2002), and the Academic Competence Evaluation Scale (DiPerna & Elliott, 1999). This study established content validity and estimated reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, resulting in values of 0.83 for the Academic Conscientiousness Questionnaire and 0.88 for the Academic Competence Evaluation Scale. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance. The results demonstrated that moral intelligence training significantly improved the academic conscience of eleventh-grade female students in empirical science, explaining 51% of the variance and indicating its potential for enhancement. Moral intelligence training positively and significantly enhanced the academic competence of students. The results demonstrated that moral intelligence training significantly enhanced the academic conscience of the students, explaining 51% of the variance. Lastly, the findings demonstrated that moral intelligence training significantly enhanced academic conscience by 55% and academic competence by 64%.

Objective: High-risk behaviors represent a growing concern with important adverse consequences for women. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of life skills training in high-risk behaviors and distress tolerance among female prisoners. Methods:  This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a control group. The population comprised all female prisoners in Kerman in 2022. 40 participants were selected via random sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Data were collected using the High-Risk Behavior Questionnaire (Rajaee & Shafiei, 2011) and the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons, J. S., & Gaher, 2005). The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS 26. Results: The results showed that life skills training significantly reduced a wide range of high-risk behaviors, including drug abuse, HIV/AIDS-related risk behaviors, violence, alcohol use, and unhealthy eating habits; however, it had no significant effect on smoking (p = 0.25). Additionally, the intervention significantly increased distress tolerance (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Although life skills training was associated with a significant reduction in high-risk behaviors in the present study, evaluating the findings and achieving generalizable results require conducting multiple clinical trials under diverse conditions.

Objective: Affectional bonds are a key factor in the quality and continuity of couples’ relationships. This study aims to develop a grounded theory to explain the dynamics of couples’ affectional bonds. Methods: This study employed the grounded theory approach, included 25 participants selected through purposive sampling with maximum variation until theoretical saturation was achieved. The participants shared the same national and religious background, but had different socio-economic backgrounds and varying marital relationship qualities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using the constant comparative analysis method. The research’s credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability were ensured. Results: The study identified six main categories contributing to couples’ affectionate bonds, organized within a grounded theoretical model (AFRIAS model): Attractiveness as the background factor, Fondness as the core factor, Responsiveness, Intimacy, Adjustment as the processes, and Marital Success as the outcome. Conclusion: The study proposes the data-driven AFRIAS model to conceptualize and understand couples’ affectional bonds, particularly within Iranian society.