ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین
فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۷۴۱ تا ۷۶۰ مورد از کل ۱٬۰۰۳ مورد.
۷۴۱.

The Effect of Teaching Metacognitive Listening Strategy during Shadowing Activity on Field-Dependent and Field-Independent EFL Learners’ Listening Comprehension(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: field-dependent/independent listening comprehension listening strategies metacognitive strategies shadowing

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۴۸ تعداد دانلود : ۳۹۵
This study aimed to compare the effect of teaching metacognitive listening strategies through shadowing activity on the listening comprehension of field-dependent (FD) and field-independent (FI) EFL learners. Since the researcher had access only to female participants,85 female EFL learners from a language institute in Tehran, at the pre-intermediate level of proficiency with the age range of 18-35 were selected out of the initial 120 participants based on their performance on a piloted PET. The Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT) was administered to the selected participants in order to categorize them into the two experimental groups (49 FD and 36 FI). The participants including both FD and FI sat in several classes. During a five-week instruction period (twice a week), both groups practiced listening comprehension for 45 minutes through a combination of shadowing activity, and metacognitive strategy instruction with no difference in treatment. The results of the independent samples t-test demonstrated that there was no significant difference between listening posttest scores of FI and FD groups. Therefore, it was concluded that metacognitive strategy training coupled with shadowing activity could be equally beneficial in terms of listening proficiency for all students regardless of their perceptual tendency (FD/FI). The findings of the present study have implications for language teachers regarding metacognitive strategy training and listening comprehension enhancement.
۷۴۲.

The Interface among Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Intelligences, Language Teaching Anxiety, and Classroom Management Beliefs: The Case of EAP Instructors(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: classroom management beliefs English for Academic Purposes EAP language instructor EAP content instructor interpersonal intelligence Intrapersonal Intelligence language teaching anxiety

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۴۵ تعداد دانلود : ۲۴۱
The current study aimed to investigate the relationship among English for academic purposes instructors’ interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence types, language teaching anxiety, and classroom management beliefs taking a correlational research design. To this end, a convenient sample of 98 EAP instructors were asked to complete the excerpted sections of McKenzie’s Multiple Intelligences Questionnaire, Teacher Anxiety Scale, and Behavior and Instructional Management Scale. The results of Pearson product-moment tests revealed a significant negative relationship between interpersonal intelligence and classroom management beliefs while no significant link was observed between intrapersonal intelligence and classroom management beliefs. The same results were obtained for the possible relationship between these two intelligence types and language teaching anxiety. Furthermore, a significant negative relationship was found between EAP instructors’ language teaching anxiety and classroom management beliefs. The multiple regression analysis also showed that interpersonal intelligence could strongly predict EAP instructors’ classroom management beliefs. Furthermore, the two independent samples t-tests demonstrated that language and content instructors differed with regard to their language teaching anxiety and classroom management beliefs in EAP classes. The results were discussed in light of previously existing literature and some pedagogical implications were presented for EAP teacher training courses.
۷۴۳.

A Two-phase Evaluation of an ELT Textbook(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: materials evaluation external evaluation internal evaluation Summit 2B EFL classes

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۴۴ تعداد دانلود : ۲۴۷
It is by now well established that materials may have an impact beyond simply learning a language they present. Hence, in this study attempts have been made to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of a textbook Summit 2B which is currently being widely used in Iranian EFL classes. The textbook has been evaluated based on criteria provided by McDonough and Shaw (1993) on the basis of two stages: an external and an internal evaluation. Efforts have been made to critically evaluate the textbook in terms of the layout, grading and sequencing of assignments, design, content, different activities, sort of texts utilized, and the skills emphasized in the book. The findings showed that albeit there appears to be some shortcomings, Summit 2B seems to be more efficient to meet the requirements of EFL learners as compared with the other textbooks which have hitherto been used at different language classes. Accordingly, investigating and evaluating the book proved to be very lucrative and valuable in terms of pedagogy as well as the efficient attributes that suits the context of the present study. Finally, the implications as regards the efficiency of this particular course book as the consequence of evaluating it have been put forward and the strengths and weaknesses related to it have been argued.
۷۴۴.

بررسی افراشتگی واکه در گویش سبزواری در چارچوب واج شناسی زایشی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: افراشتگی واکه گویش سبزواری همخوان های افراشته واکه افتاده واکه میانی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۴۲ تعداد دانلود : ۳۰۳
در این پژوهش انواع فرایند افراشتگی واکه در گویش سبزواری با توجه به بافت های مختلف آن در چارچوب واج شناسی زایشی تحلیل می شوند. مسأله اصلی نگارنده در این مقاله مطالعه انواع بافت های واجی ای است که فرایند افراشتگی واکه را در این گویش ایجاد می کند. داده های این پژوهش به دو روش گردآوری شده اند: منابع مکتوب درباره گویش سبزواری و ضبط گفتار چند گویشور سبزواری. در بررسی داده ها صورت های واجی و آوایی در گویش سبزواری با هم مقایسه و سپس تحلیل شده اند. در این پژوهش، داده های فارسی معیار به عنوان شاهد استفاده شده اند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد که دو بافت واجی عمده وجود دارد که در آنها فرایند افراشتگی واکه رخ می دهد: در اثر هم نشینی واکه های افتاده یا میانی با همخوان های افراشته لثوی-کامی، کامی و نرمکامی و نیز در اثر هم نشینی واکه های افتاده یا میانی با همخوان های خیشومی. در مجموع نُه نمونه فرایند افراشتگی واکه در گویش سبزواری روی می دهد.
۷۴۵.

A Genre Analysis of Research Abstracts of Master of Arts Theses Written by TEFL Students from the University of Tehran and Islamic Azad University of Gorgan(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Genre Analysis move Research Abstracts step

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۴۰ تعداد دانلود : ۲۹۹
Following Swales’ (1981) definition of genre analysis many scholars have attempted to characterize good academic writing; however, this can be difficult and worrying for non-native writers. Since a well-written abstract encourages readers more effectively, the present study intended to find differences in the rhetorical structures of abstracts by TEFL students from the University of Tehran (UT) and Islamic Azad University of Gorgan (IAUG). To meet this end, 100 abstracts (50 abstracts by TEFL students from UT and 50 abstracts by TEFL students from IAUG) were randomly selected. Swales’ (1981) IMRD (Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion) and Swales’ (1990) CARS (Created A Research Space) models were employed to recognize the rhetorical structure of the abstracts. Then, the frequencies and sequences of moves and steps were calculated using chi-square to find the differences. The results revealed that there were significant differences between the abstracts by TEFL students from UT and IAUG. The findings indicated that TEFL students from IAUG followed the IMRD and CARS more than TEFL students from UT. The findings of this study have some pedagogical implications for both non-native writers and postgraduate students as well as English academic writing teachers and students.  
۷۴۶.

قالب های معنایی فعل «خواندن» در فارسی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: چندمعنایی معناشناسی قالب - بنیاد فعل خواندن زبان فارسی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۳۹ تعداد دانلود : ۲۳۱
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی قالب های معنایی فعل «خواندن» و ارائه معانی مختلف این فعل در زبان فارسی براساس انگاره معناشناسی قالب- بنیاد فیلمور (1982) با رویکرد شناختی است. پیکره مورد بررسی، معانی سرنمون و مجزای فعل خواندن در فارسی است که با روش کتابخانه ای از فرهنگ بزرگ سخن گرد آوری شده است. در این فرهنگ، پانزده معنای مختلف برای فعل خواندن آمده است. پس از استخراج شواهد مشخص شد که معنای سرنمون یا اولیه فعل خواندن ، «قرائت» است. نتایج نشان داد که این فعل علاوه بر معنای سرنمونِ «قرائت» پنج خوشه معنایی شامل « مطابقه، درک و فهم، تحصیل، نامگذاری/ صدا زدن و استعاری » دارد که همگی در زیرقالبِ معنایی خاصِ «ادراکی-بصری» قرار می گیرند. یافته هایِ پژوهش، تصویری روشن از معانی فعل خواندن در زبان فارسی به دست داده است و تبیین های ارائه شده در این پژوهش می توانند در آموزش زبان فارسی مفید واقع شوند و یادگیری آن را برای زبان آموزان سهل نمایند.
۷۴۹.

بررسی فرایند ترکیب و دسته بندی آن از نظر معنایی و رابطه بین عناصر سازنده آن در زبان مازندرانی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: فرایند ترکیب سازه فعلی سازه غیرفعلی ترکیب وابستگی ترکیب همپایگی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۳۲ تعداد دانلود : ۳۰۰
در پژوهش حاضر کلمات مرکب مازندرانی برگرفته از فرهنگ تبری (نصری اشرفی، 1381)، از نظر معنایی و رابطه بین عناصر سازنده بررسی شده است. برمبنای دسته بندی بیستو و اسکالیز (2005)، به عنوان چارچوب نظری پژوهش، ترکیب سه دسته اصلی همپایگی، اسنادی/ توصیفی و وابستگی را در بر می گیرد. این دسته بندی مبتنی بر روابط دستوری ممکن بین دو سازه در ساختارهای نحوی است. از نظر رابطه بین عناصر سازنده، ترکیب دو دسته فعلی و غیرفعلی را شامل می شود. تأکید مقاله حاضر عمدتا بر ترکیب فعلی و دسته بندی آن است. ترکیب فعلی نوعی ترکیب وابسته است که در ساختار آن سازه غیرفعلی، متمم سازه فعلی است. ترکیب های فعلی از نظر معنایی به چهار دسته موضوعی، غیرموضوعی، گروهی و مکرر تقسیم بندی می شوند. شواهد نشان می دهدکه انطباق نسبتا کاملی بین مازندرانی و دسته بندی بیستو و اسکالیز وجود دارد.
۷۵۲.

The Effect of Asynchronous Computer-Mediated Condition on L2 Learners' Monologue Speaking Ability, Speaking Apprehension, L2 Self-Confidence, and Willingness to Communicate(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: L2 speaking ability Monologue willingness to communicate speaking apprehension L2 self-confidence

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۲۹ تعداد دانلود : ۲۰۰
This study was conducted to examine the effect of asynchronous computer-mediated condition on L2 learners' speaking ability, speaking apprehension, L2 self-confidence, and willingness to communicate. The participants of this study included 40 intermediate undergraduate students of English language teaching at an Iranian university. The participants were assigned to two experimental (asynchronous computer-mediated) and control (face-to-face) conditions randomly. In the experimental group, the participants practiced speaking in an asynchronous online environment, and in the control group, the students spent a part of their class time accomplishing monologue tasks. Using questionnaires, the participants' speaking ability, speaking apprehension, L2 self-confidence, and willingness to communicate were measured at the beginning and at the end of the term. The findings showed that the monologue speaking ability mean score of those in the computer-mediated group improved significantly more than that of the face-to-face group. Another finding of this study was the superiority of the computer-mediated condition with regard to the participants' speaking self-confidence, speaking apprehension, and willingness to communicate. Overall, the results suggest that asynchronous computer-mediated condition can provide learners with a less-threatening condition that can improve the chances of their L2 monologue speaking ability.
۷۵۳.

گزینش واژگانی، رهیافتی به تحلیل شخصیّت قیصر امین پور(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: واژه مشخصه های معنایی-زبانی کنش های مفهومی-شناختی شخصیت قیصر امین پور

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۲۶ تعداد دانلود : ۳۳۹
هر واژه با تکیه بر دو اصل گزینش و ترکیب، مشخصه های معنایی-زبانی و کنش های مفهومی-شناختی ویژه ای می یابد و خواننده با شناخت واژه ها علاوه بر دریافت متن، شاعر را نیز می شناسد. در مقاله حاضر مشخصه های معنایی-زبانی و کنش های مفهومی-شناختی واژه ها در اشعار قیصر امین پور به عنوان یکی از نمودهای شخصیّتی با تکیه بر جدول تیپ های پنج گانه دانیل ناتل بررسی شد و براساس نتایچ تحقیق، شخصیّت قیصر در اشعارش چند بُعدی است. او در تنفس صبح به سبب ویژگی هایی چون زودجوشی، پرشوری، هیجانی، شخصیّت برونگرا دارد. در آینه های ناگهان به خاطر کمال گرایی، سازمان یافتگی ذهنی، هدفمندی و واکنش های اجتماعی، شخصیّت دور اندیش دارد. در گل ها همه آفتابگردانند ، خلاقیت، تخیّل قوی، اعتقاد به ماوراءالطبیعه، علاقه مندی به گرایش های عرفانی و هنری او را واجد شخصیّت گشوده ذهن کرده و ویژگی های بیزاری از رنج های اجتماعی، عشق ورزی و مهربانی، شکیبایی، شیفتگی به فضایل اخلاقی در دستور زبان عشق ، شخصیّت او را درونگرا و سازگار نموده است.
۷۵۴.

Iranian EFL Teachers’ Perceptions of Burnout Sources: A Qualitative Study(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Burnout external sources internal sources Iranian EFL Teachers qualitative design

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۲۵ تعداد دانلود : ۲۳۱
This qualitative study aims to investigate the sources of burnout from Iranian EFL teachers’ perspectives. To this end, thirty-four Iranian male and female EFL teachers participated in the semi-structured interview to comment on the burnout sources and then rank them in terms of priority. Also, one hundred teachers responded to an online open-ended questionnaire. The coding scheme revealed two external and internal nodes, five themes, and fifteen subthemes. Under the external node lay financial, organizational, and teacher training problems. The internal node involved teachers’ psycho-affective traits and personal life affairs. The results showed that external sources outweighed the internal ones. Among the external sources, teachers’ low pay, the supervisor’s maltreatment, and workload, and among the internal ones, teachers’ low problem-solving abilities, low motivation and self-efficacy held high ranks. No one attributed burnout to teachers’ gender and age, and almost all participants unanimously criticized the educational administration system of Iran for not providing teachers with the necessary means of burnout recognition and prevention. The study has implications for educational policymakers and practitioners.
۷۵۵.

Effect of Précis Writing Instruction on the Creation of Cohesive Text by Iranian High School EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: précis writing cohesive text Iranian EFL learners

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۲۴ تعداد دانلود : ۳۹۶
Being expert in establishing cohesion and coherence in writing is not an easy task. The EFL learners are to pass through very long, uneven paths such as précis exercise to achieve this skill. The present study was launched to explore the effect of précis writing on the creation of a compact text. To this end, a true-experimental method of research with the pretest-posttest control design was employed. Via double-stage sampling, 40 female students were selected at Fatemeh-al-Zahra High School in Kabutarahang, Hamedan, Iran. The control group was taught some grammatical structures such as active and passive voices, reduced adjective clauses, and different tenses in English during twelve sessions; while the experimental group received a lesson plan consisting of twelve sessions of précis writing. To analyze the data collected via pretest and posttest, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was run. The findings of the study indicated that the participants in the experimental group performed better in producing cohesive and qualified texts than those in the control group. The conclusion drawn was that teaching précis, as a basic skill, can improve the writing ability and provide the students with more opportunities to utilize the cohesive devices and consequently produce more cohesive pieces of text.
۷۵۶.

The Effect of Using Online Metacognitive Strategies Practice on EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Achievement: A Blended Approach(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: vocabulary achievement metacognitive strategies group study peer scaffolding peer tutoring blended approach

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۲۰ تعداد دانلود : ۲۶۹
This study investigated a new blended approach for enhancing vocabulary achievement. To this end, the project used a convenience sample of 50 intermediate EFL learners ranging from 19-35 years of age from three intact classes studying English translation at university. They were randomly assigned to two groups of 25 students each. In the experimental group, the treatment consisted of providing photos/cartoons related to the sessions’ course of instruction on Instagram, with the learners discussing and exploring the meaning of vocabularies via peer scaffolding using metacognitive strategies. The control group followed the syllabus and assigned homework according to the class program. To investigate the vocabulary achievement of the participants, a piloted multiple-choice vocabulary posttest was administered. The results that were analyzed through independent samples T-test revealed that the blended approach could significantly affect the performance of the experimental group. This study has implications not only for teachers, researchers, and syllabus designers but also for EFL learners with unpacking the notion of metacognition and peer scaffolding, proposing an integrated framework that illustrates how it may pervade the teaching-learning process as an educational goal. The implication of this study supports student responsibility, a student-centered classroom, and higher levels of cognition.
۷۵۸.

The Effect of False Correction Strategy and Inference Strategy on the Paramedical Students’ Reading Comprehension and Attitude(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: English for Specific Purposes attitude false correction strategy inference strategy paramedical students Reading Comprehension

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۲۱ تعداد دانلود : ۲۴۵
There is a bulk of studies supporting the positive effect of strategy instruction on reading comprehension. This study examined the effect of two reading strategies (i.e., false correction and inference strategy) on English reading comprehension of Iranian paramedical students, using a pretest, posttest, control group design. It also surveyed their attitudes toward the effect and usefulness of these strategies. The participants were sixty paramedical students, selected through availability sampling from the Medical University of Kashan. They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (CG). The first experimental group was instructed to use inference strategy (henceforth IS), whereas the second was instructed to use a strategy based on elaborative interrogation theory (i.e., false correction strategy, henceforth FCS). The experimental data were collected through a researcher-made pretest and posttest, and survey data through a researcher-made questionnaire. The results of statistical analyses indicated that IS group significantly outperformed FCS and CG on the posttest. The results of questionnaire data also showed that IS led to more positive attitudes. Moreover, IS was perceived as more useful in meeting participants’ academic needs. The findings of the study imply a needs-based approach to ESP pedagogy.
۷۵۹.

Explicit and Implicit Instruction of Requestive Strategies: A Comparison of the Effects on Upper -intermediate English Learners’ Email Writing Development(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

کلیدواژه‌ها: email writing Explicit Instruction Implicit instruction pragmatics instruction requestive strategies

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۱۵ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۸
This study compared the efficacy of explicit and implicit instruction of requestive strategies on upper-intermediate female English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ email writing development. Sixty-two participants in four intact classes were randomly assigned to two explicit and implicit groups. In this quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design study two email evaluation tests and two written discourse completion tests (WDCT) were used to collect the data. In the pretest phase, an email evaluation test and a WDCT were administered to the participants in two sessions. Next, the two groups were provided with ten treatment sessions. The explicit group received direct instruction and metapragmatic explanation on the use of appropriate requestive strategies in writing emails. The implicit group, however, received instruction on writing requestive emails without any explicit explanation about the requestive strategies in emailing. Then, the participants took the posttest of email evaluation test and WDCT in two successive sessions. The results indicated that both modes of instruction exerted significant effects on the learners’ production of requestive strategies in English. The comparison of the two modes of instruction, nonetheless, indicated that the participants who underwent explicit instruction significantly surpassed those in the implicit group. The findings have implications for materials developers and instructors.

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