درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

One of the types of myths, alongside those of creation, resurrection, salvation, rebirth, renewal, and the savior, is the myth of memory and forgetfulness, which has also featured prominently in Iranian mystical allegorical tales. This myth has Indian and Greek foundations and has manifested in poetry that is deeply intertwined with mythology. Mircea Eliade has referred to this myth, and Ahmad Shamlu, as one of the contemporary Persian poets, repeatedly evokes it throughout his collected works. The purpose of this research is to analyze the myth of memory and forgetting in contemporary poetry. For this purpose, using a library-based and descriptive methodology, we examine instances of the emergence and manifestation of this myth in Shamlu’s poetry. The results indicate that, in Shamlu’s work, the myth of memory and forgetfulness is interwoven with the myth of the Fall. In some instances, the Anima archetype evokes this myth. In others, this myth is linked to the concept of ‘Alam al-Dharr’ (the World of Particles or the Primordial Covenant) in Islamic and mystical thought, representing the anguish and sorrow resulting from a mystical separation from the Divine Truth. In some cases, it intentionally or unintentionally recalls Indian and Gnostic narratives and shares similarities with the concept of reincarnation in Hindu thought.

In this article, we are going to examine the conceptual metaphor used in two types of Persian prose in the books of Dar al-Majanin and Kimya Saadat, and at the same time, we will have a look at the field of origin from both books and pay attention to the difference between the fields used in them. The aim of this research is to achieve a uniform pattern in the division of metaphors used in past and present texts.For this purpose, after studying the research background and theoretical studies of conceptual metaphor, ten percent of each first, middle and last part of each book was analyzed and the areas of origin and destination and mapping of conceptual metaphors were noted and placed in an Excel chart and by Excel The statistics of conceptual metaphors were calculated and displayed in a bar graph for easier viewing (it will be shown in the conclusion section), which from a total of 111 metaphors investigated in the Kimya Saadat and 81 metaphors in the book Dar al-Majanin, the statistics obtained are as follows. be: Kimya Saadat: Structural metaphor 42 - Hetocognitive metaphor 11 - Directional metaphor 1 Book of Dar al-Majanin: Structural metaphor 42 - Ontological metaphor 25 - Directional metaphor 2 The most frequently used metaphor frequency in both books was related to ontological metaphors, which were about 5242 and 2141 percent, respectively, and the lowest frequency was directional metaphors, which were 841 percent and 241 percent, respectively.

This study explores the concept of the "subaltern other" in Athol Fugard's Boesman and Lena and Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi's (پیام زن دانا) The Message of a Wise Woman. By examining the racial, gender, and economic dimensions of subaltern identity in the South African and Iranian contexts, it investigates how colonialism and patriarchy shape the experiences of marginalized women. Using a multidisciplinary approach that combines postcolonial theory, feminist criticism, and critical race studies, this research employs a comparative framework to analyze both universal and culturally specific aspects of subaltern experiences.Central to the study is an exploration of marginalized female voices in male-dominated societies and how these voices are both suppressed and subtly resistant. The research also examines narrative strategies, character development, and the linguistic choices made by Fugard and Sa'edi, considering how language functions as both a tool of oppression and a medium of resistance. The authors' positionality and the ethical implications of representing subaltern experiences are also critically analyzed.This study concludes that both works highlight the enduring effects of colonial and patriarchal oppression, while also demonstrating the resilience and agency of their marginalized characters. By analyzing the intersection of race, gender, and class in shaping subaltern identities, this research contributes to postcolonial and feminist scholarship, offering insights into the complexities of subaltern resistance and representation across different cultural contexts.