درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

در این مقاله نویسنده فعل هایی را که به اسم تبدیل شده اند، بررسی کرده و نشان داده است که فعل های اسم شده را می توان با اضافه کردن پسوند به ریشه فعلی ایجاد کرد، اسم هایی که با اضافه شدن پسوند به ریشه فعل ایجاد می شوند. در زبان شناسی اسم شدن فرآیندی است که در آن فعل یا صفت به اسم تبدیل می شوند. این اصطلاح همچنین به فرآیندی اشاره دارد که در آن یک اسم از سایر بخش های دستوری با اضافه شدن وندهای اشتقاقی ایجاد می شود. این مقاله نشان داده است که اسم های عمل، به عنوان یک واحد معنی، واژه هایی را که مفهوم کار و عمل دارند، با هم ترکیب می کنند و ارتباط بین آن ها را توسط واژه ای که به عنوان اسم یا شبه اسم استفاده می شود، نشان می دهد. فعل های اسم شده ای که برای توصیف معانی گوناگون استفاده شده اند، دو گروه هستند و بسته به اینکه کدام واژه استفاده شود، چندین گروه معنایی به وجود خواهند آورد. بعضی از فرآیندهای واژه سازی روابط بین فرآیند، اشیا و صفت ها را نشان می دهند (اسم انسان، عمل و مفاهیم انتزاعی). این فرآیند در زبان های گوناگون به روش های مختلفی نشان داده می شود. به عتوان نمونه در زبان روسی بر خلاف تاجیکی فرآیند واژه سازی احساسی بسیار بیشتر است. این مقاله نشان داده است فعل هایی که به اسم تبدیل شده اند، با استفاده از پسوندها یا براساس فرایند اشتقاق و ترکیب ساخته شده اند.

This study attempted to systematically inspect the impact of direct and indirect corrective feedbacks on the writing ability of EFL learners when using product/process based instructions. To do so, 110 female EFL learners, between the ages of 15 and 18, were randomly assigned into four experimental groups to receive four different kinds of treatments, namely product-based instruction with direct feedback, product-based instruction with indirect feedback, process-based instruction with direct feedback, and process-based instruction with indirect feedback. The treatment took 10 sessions. Analyzing the results of the two writing tests (pretest and posttest) showed that direct feedback had significant effects on EFL learners' writing in process-based instruction and product-based instruction but indirect feedback failed to show any significant effect on EFL learners' writing in both process-based instruction and product-based instruction. The results also indicated that direct feedback had significantly better impact on EFL learners writing in the process-based instruction than product-based one. 

This study is an attempt to evaluate certain areas of the Iranian ESP program through the lens of its immediate stakeholders, i.e. policy implementers, authors, teachers and learners. Using questionnaires, interviews and classroom observations through a quantitative-qualitative mixed-method design, the collected data were analyzed. The results of the study indicate that the program is suffering from lack of systematic observation and evaluation policy, and its stakeholders especially in the users’ strand are not satisfied with the program’s current status, goal, methodology and textbooks. The origin of the problems and dissatisfaction in the program was found to have varying shares from different sources. Contextual factors, improper policies, unprincipled teaching methodology, and old fashioned spiritless textbooks were found and concluded to have their impeding roles in the Iranian ESP program achievement and satisfaction. The findings of the present research are hoped to provide the concerned communities in both strand of providers and users with clear insights around the common flaws and drawbacks in the program along with possible clues for the program improvement.

The study aimed at investigating the efficacy of written corrective feedback (CF) in improving Iranian EFL learners’ grammatical accuracy. It compared the effects of focused and unfocused written CF on the learners’ grammatical accuracy. 75 EFL students formed a one control and two experimental groups. The focused feedback group was provided with error correction in tenses. The unfocused feedback group was provided with error correction in tense, articles, spelling, pronouns, vocabulary, and prepositions. The results indicated a significant improvement in accuracy for the two experimental groups from pretest to posttest. The outcomes demonstrated that giving written CF was effective, which enhanced learners' grammatical accuracy, and that focused and unfocused written CF were not of differential significant effect in such manner. The results on the construct of the attitudinal questionnaire indicated learners’ preference in two experimental groups for the interactional activities, error correction, and the different type of CF techniques. The mean scores on each content area of the questionnaire suggested that learners in the focused group scored higher than the other groups in their attitudes toward the errors to be corrected.

Reading strategies are seen as supportive means to help learners process and comprehend English texts effectively. The present research probed to posit a discipline-specific model of reading strategies for Iranian TEFL postgraduate students. The motive behind developing a local model of reading strategy is twofold: first, a variety of postgraduate students admitted for M.A and Ph.D. programs, either may not have received their first degrees in TEFL or they are TEFL graduates who lag behind disciplinary-knowledge in terms of reading. Consequently, Twenty- eight postgraduate students majoring in English Language Teaching from Shiraz University, Isfahan University, Yazd University and Islamic Azad university of Bandar-Abbas wherein M.A and Ph.D. programs in TEFL are offered were asked to brainstorm their ideas as to how they approach technical materials in English. Conducting a 3-session semi-structured interview with 22 participants and focus-group interviews with six participants, the researchers then transcribed and codified the data according to Corbin and Strauss (2014) systematic steps of open, axial and selective coding for grounded theory. The findings revealed a six factor model encompassing 32 categories. The factors include: a) previewing the content, b) recognition of the salient and pronounced features, C) emphasis and clarification upon the significant features, d) consulting auxiliary sources, e) ruminating and reflecting upon the text, and f) reviewing the gist of materials. As a matter of fact, the proposed model can help postgraduate students move away from teacher authority and develop reading autonomy.