درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Return on investment is a driving force that motivates and is a reward for investors. Investment returns are important for investors, in order for the entire investment game to be realized. Evaluating efficiency is the only logical way (Before risk assessment) that investors can do to compare alternative and different investments. Measuring real returns (relative to the past) is needed to better understand investment performance. Particularly, the study of past returns has a major role in predicting and predicting future returns. Therefore, the present study seeks to "investigate the effect of the internal rate of return on cash recycling on unusual returns as well as the effect of cost leadership strategies variables on the relationship between the internal rate of return on cash recycle and the unusual returns in the period from 2009 to 2013. In this research, the sample consists of 72 companies that have been selected by systematic elimination method, which is a total of 360 years. In this research, linear regression and correlation coefficient were used to investigate the hypotheses of the research. EVIEWS software has been used to analyse the data and test the research hypotheses. According to the regression results, the following results were obtained: 1. An internal rate of return on cash recycling affects unusual returns. 2. The internal rate of return based on the recycling of cash The abnormal returns affect the strategy of cost leadership.

One of the basic assumptions of management accounting illustrate that costschanges has a significance Relationship with increasing and decreasing in the levelof activity, recently after being raised of sticky costs issue by Anderson and hiscolleagues this assumption was discussed. It means Increases in costs by increasingthe more activity level of reduction in costs is exchange for the reduction in thelevel of activity. Anderson et al (2003) changed the expression of Cost behavior tosticky costs. The Subject profit forecast error is one of the issues that can affectinvestment decisions to hold or transfer of shares, because purchase of shares ofthe new company's stock is riskier process than other companies; Because of itslack of trading Background, historical information related to their is low. Accordingly,in prediction two fundamental goals follow: The first one obviously is theproper planning and second one is Familiarity and deployment of predictive techniquesusing predictive techniques for decision making and problem solving process.The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between forecasterror of earnings and sticky cost in Tehran Stock Exchange. To achieve this aim, amain hypothesis and sub-hypothesis has been proposed, and to test hypothesesdata 108 firms listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange using systematic samplingpurposefully selected, and data of the period between 2007 to 2013 was usedfor statistical analysis. Finally, the results indicate that There is an inverse relationshipbetween sticky costs and forecast error of earnings, and also betweensticky cost of goods sold and sticky costs of sales.

Information opacity leads to information asymmetry. In this situation, in providing their own financial needs, firms face limitations and inevitably provide their financial needs from the debt market by signalling private information to it. In addition, information opacity affects the leverage adjustment speed. This research investigates the effect of information opacity on deviation from target leverage and its’ adjustment speed during 2003 - 2017 in 131 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. To estimate the research models, we use the regression analysis with panel data approach, the approach to control the effects of years and industries and the generalized method of moments with system estimator (system GMM). The research results show that the increase in information opacity increases (decreases) the positive (negative) deviation from target leverage. Also, research findings indicate that the increase in information opacity decreases the adjustment speed.

The purpose of this research is to design a sustainable supply chain model with an emphasis on behavioral factors for foodstuff in Kermanshah province. This is an applied research. The literature review was the outcome of a library study such as books, journals, dissertations, articles, and so on, and the data were collected through a questionnaire which was analyzed by statistical methods. Regarding the subject of this research, the study population consists of managers and staff associated with the supply chain in Kermanshah food companies, involving 100 people. Having analyzed the data using the structural equation modeling and PLS software, it was turned out that the training environment, innovation, motivation, staff empowering, mutual trust and respect, as well as teamwork had a positive and significant effect on the sustainable supply chain with three environmental, social and economic indicators.