فلسفه آزادی در الگوی حکمرانی جمهوری اسلامی ایران (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
انقلاب اسلامی با شعار کلیدی «استقلال، آزادی، جمهوری اسلامی» به پیروزی رسید اما همچنان شماری از باورمندان به جمهوری اسلامی به آزادی به عنوان یک مفهوم مزاحم می نگرند و نمی توانند مفهوم آزادی را در الگوی حکمرانی جمهوری اسلامی ایران جایابی کنند. در نقطه مقابل، شماری از منتقدان نیز الگوی حکمرانی جمهوری اسلامی را به ستیز با آزادی محکوم می کنند. این پژوهش در پی جایابی مفهوم آزادی در الگوی حکمرانی جمهوری اسلامی ایران است؛ تا در پی آن به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که «فلسفه آزادی در این الگوی حکمرانی چیست و به چه دلیلی آزادی در آن مطلوب است؟». نوشتار حاضر با استفاده از روش «هرمنوتیک متن محور»، ضمن بازنمایی یک نظام هماهنگ و به هم پیوسته گفتمانی، فلسفه آزادی را در آن بازنمایی کرده و نظم درهم تنیده میان «هست ها» و «بایدها» را در موضوع «فلسفه آزادی» به تصویر می کشد. در این نگاه، فلسفه آزادی مبتنی بر مبانی توحیدی ترسیم و آزادی به مثابه «حق»، «تکلیف» و «ارزش» مطرح می شود. از سوی دیگر مطابق با جهان بینی اسلامی انسان موجودی «مختار» است و «گرایش فطری» به آزادی دارد، بنابراین آزادی مطلوب است. همچنین «معاد» نیز ایجاب می کند که انسان آزاد باشد چرا که بدون آزادی، امکان «امتحان الهی» وجود ندارد تا مبتنی بر آن مجازات و پاداش اخروی مطرح شود. این نوشتار تلاش نموده است که فلسفه آزادی را در نظامی به هم پیوسته و منسجم به تصویر کشیده و جایگاه آزادی در این نظم گفتمانی را تبیین کند. همین موضوع وجه مهم نوآوری این پژوهش است.The Philosophy of Freedom in the Governance Pattern of the Islamic Republic of Iran
IntroductionThe governance pattern of the Islamic Republic of Iran must align with its legitimizing discourse and demonstrate a coherence between this theory and practical governance. However, governance in Iran often wavers and oscillates between liberal and religious discourses. No political system can achieve long-term legitimacy through governance frameworks that are inconsistent with its core discourse. Therefore, this study aims to explore the concept of freedom within Iran's governance pattern. The Islamic Revolution in Iran achieved victory with the key slogan 'Independence, Freedom, Islamic Republic,' yet some supporters see freedom as a disruptive concept and are unwilling to embrace it. On the other hand, critics often accuse this pattern of being in conflict with the notion of freedom.Here, we try to demonstrate the desirability of freedom within the governance pattern of the Islamic Republic of Iran and to answer the question, "What is the philosophy of freedom in this governance pattern, and why is it desirable?" The aim is to prevent theoretical mistakes in the discourse. Given the prevailing influence of liberalism and its discursive demands, in the absence of an alternative Islamic theory, it risks imposing itself on Iran's socio-political structure. Therefore, elucidating the philosophy of freedom within the governance pattern of the Islamic Republic helps prevent incorrect theoretical and practical choices in governance. MethodologyIn this study, a "descriptive-analytical" approach was used for data collection through the "documentary" method. The data analysis was performed using the qualitative method of "text-based hermeneutics." Discussion and ResultsThis paper presents a coherent and interconnected discursive framework that reflects the philosophy of freedom and the intricate balance between the dos and dont's in this context. Firstly, it discusses Nizam-e-Takwin (The Order of Creation), demonstrating that from an ontological perspective, the belief in Ma'ad (Resurrection Day) and God's system of reward and punishment necessitate human freedom, as freedom is essential for "spiritual trial." Additionally, within the Islamic Revolution's discourse on anthropology, the belief in human "free will" and the "inherent nature of freedom" make freedom a valued concept. Thus, in religious rules, freedom is defined as liberation from servitude to anyone other than God and liberation from tyranny and oppression. In this regard, freedom is understood as a "right," "duty," and "value." ConclusionIn the Islamic philosophy of freedom, "Tawhid" (monotheism) stands as the central principle and foundation. There is a seamless connection between Nizam-e-Takwin (The Order of Creation) and Nizam-e-Tashri (The Order of Religious Legislation), forming a unified system. This linkage in Shiism is established through the belief in the intrinsic goodness and badness of actions. Such a belief ensures that the moral quality of actions is rational and aligned with Nizam-e-Takwin, creating an integrated order where the dos and don'ts are interconnected.In this framework, the philosophy of freedom within the governance pattern of the Islamic Republic of Iran is rooted in "Tawhid" (monotheism) principles. Freedom is regarded as a "right," "duty," and "value." This signifies that freedom is valuable because it is an inherent right. Furthermore, respecting and advocating freedom is a religious duty, which enhances its desirability. Additionally, freedom is recognized as a religious virtue. According to the Islamic worldview, humans possess free will and an innate inclination toward freedom. The system of rewards and punishments in Ma'ad (Resurrection Day) also necessitates human freedom, as the possibility of a spiritual trial depends on it, thus making the system logical.Overall, this paper seeks to illustrate the philosophy of freedom within a cohesive and integrated system, emphasizing the link between Nizam-e-Takwin (The Order of Creation) and Nizam-e-Tashri (The Order of Religious Legislation) in the context of freedom. This represents a significant innovation in the study.
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