Architecture and Urban Development (IJAUD)

This study aims to build a model for the management and institutional organization to conservation and development of the Yesemek archaeological site in Gaziantep, Turkey. The scope of this research is the Yesemek archaeological site, which is known as the Yesemek Stone Quarry and Sculpture Workshop. Yesemek is the first outdoor sculpture workshop known in his tory. It is significant to preserve the Yesemek archaeological site, which has a unique value in Anatolian and Mesopotamian cultures with its original value and to pass on to the next generations. However, multidirectional planning and implementation processes are needed to protect and improve the area. The management of this complex process requires an institutional organization model based on the principles of efficiency participation, cooperation, transparency, and sustainability. As a result of the research, a model of cultural heritage management consisting of governance, spatial, socio-economic, cultural, and financial programs for sustainable protection and improvement in the case of Yesemek archaeological site is defined.

Child labor is an inseparable phenomenon in the s tructure of developing countries and third world nations. Numerous claims have been made about the benefits of the learning environment on child labor’s life. Individuals do their activities in designed environments, which can influence them. There were few s tudies on designing an educational place for child labors, especially in Iran. The purpose of this s tudy is using an architectural approach to absorb child labors into an educational place in Iran Isfahan. After running library s tudies about child labors and the effect of place on people, in a two years, many field s tudies have been done such as: observing child labors lifes tyle, their work condition, and visiting their support centers. A total of 45 child labors between the ages of 12-18 have been interviewed, and then some results of this interview were examined on a child labors’ help center building. It confirms and completes the results of interview. Initial evidence shows that there is a gap in educational sys tem. Regular schools cannot be responsible for child labors’ needs. So, firs t, the child labor’s personal needs were discovered, then some of the architectural parameters that affect their educational achievements were introduced. The focus of architectural guidelines in this s tudy is in three parameters: well-designed physical space, sense of ownership and social support. It uses architecture to give child labors’ los t social identity back. 

Neighbourhood in many Nigerian cities had been designed without proper consideration of design principles, which invariably affect the residents’ quality of life. This s tudy assessed the experts' and residents’ perception of design correlates of neighbourhood quality in the urban area of Ibadan. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. A ques tionnaire survey and direct observations were used to acquire the primary data. A sys tematic sampling technique was used to select one of every 5th building after the firs t house had been selected randomly. Data collected were analysed using percentages, Correlation, and Multiple Regression. The results revealed that the majority of 87.9% residents s trongly agree that the building lines were s trictly followed. The majority of 86.7% s trongly agree that the practice of enclosure of space and gating is common in their area. The results of experts’ assessment of Design Characteris tics Indices (DCI) indicated that Alalubosa GRA was adjudged to be very good with DCI of 4.09, followed by Kolapo Ishola with 3.58 DCI. The Multiple Regression Analysis results showed that design characteris tics were related significantly with neighbourhood quality (p < 0.05). The result indicates F–value of 1.026E5 and P–value of 0.000a. Furthermore, the results of Pearson’s Correlation Co-efficient revealed s trong and significant correlations between neighbourhood quality and the design factor at either p < 0.01 or p < 0.05significant levels. The need to consider significant design factors that comprised: variability, tidiness image/milieu, territoriality, connectivity, consis tency, legibility and density among others by Planners and Architects in planning and designing adequate neighbourhood as important. 

Light plays an important role in the valuation of architectural elements, and it is a factor in designing spaces. Elements have no visual identity without light. This paper is intended to analyze the lighting in the vault of Shahrak-e-Gharb Jame Mosque with an emphasis on the role of daylight in order to find out how the designer has viewed the use of daylight in designing this mosque. The main ques tion of this research is, “what is the role of natural daylight within the vault of Shahrak-e-Gharb Jame Mosque?”. For this purpose, the light intensity was measured in the Shabes tan and the vault of the mosque as an architectural monument using photometric ins truments. Then, the trajectory of natural light was simulated using DIALux during a whole year, and the results were analyzed indicating that the role of natural light as an identity element in exhibiting the luminance of the mihrab has been neglected, and the light intensity seems uniform and boring within the vault. 

The use of demands such as "Iranian-Islamic architecture" or "preservation of Iranian-Islamic identities" appeared in different dimensions and have gradually caused the shape of contemporary Iranian architecture. Many criticisms have been made from various perspectives on the architectural conditions, despite, all of them are worthy of attention, it seems that a required issue has been neglected in all these s tudies, which is having a proper classification in a morphological and meaningful format. In this article, an attempt has been made to introduce in a suitable classification in the form of the Iranian architectural process and its challenges and sub-branches of each of the researchers' views. In this regard, we have used a research method based on critical discourse in a library and field method, which has been saturated with information by examining the maximum number of available samples, and finally, we have analyzed it. Then, all the s tudies were evaluated, both in terms of time and in terms of checking the buildings in tables and graphs. The results of this article include a his torical proposed course with a morphological and semantic classification in contemporary Iranian architecture and finally, among them, the s tyle according to the current situation is more logical and more Iranian was introduced that can provide the prelude to artis tic s tylis tics for contemporary Iranian architecture.

Pop Art is the representative of a cultural identity that has been represented as a kind of art in the mid-twentieth century. It is based on the ordinary manifes tations of people’s lives, and by concentrating on media and propaganda it has become pervasive in a short time as if it is a newly emerged culture that has appeared not from the inside of community but from outside and by those sociologis ts who look at this culture, it is considered as an outgrowth of the conditions created by modern centralism and individualism. But where is the position of reality in this emerging art? Focusing on the general audience and everyday subjects became the basis of the work of this art, which was able to be in line with trade and its goals. The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteris tics of Pop art, which can be considered as the firs t sparks of the return of representation in pos t-modern craft, which bases its work on pretense. In this s tudy, it has tried to use the text content analysis method to Pop art indexes while comparing to the other arts such as elite and folk culture. The results indicate that paying attention to the Pop culture, and reproduction of images by emphasizing on media, takes the art to hyper-reality. As another aspect, these are the media that direct the culture by determining the direction of Pop thoughts, lead the art, to create new forms of reality.