Architecture and Urban Development (IJAUD)

This paper aims to inform design strategies for regulating privacy in coworking spaces. Coworking spaces are growing at a high rate, yet studies related to the social, psychological, behavioral and physical needs associated with these environments are limited. The growth of coworking spaces is in greater part facilitated by a drive towards greater interaction and collaboration among the workforce. With this apparent intent to promote collaboration and interaction, this study argues that there is need to focus on the conflict between interaction and privacy in coworking spaces. The paper synthesizes extensive environment and behavior literature and extends a conceptual argument of privacy regulation in coworking spaces. The article focuses on privacy regulation through the physical environment and behavioral mediums. The findings demonstrate that features of the physical environment comprising of barriers and fields are powerful tools that can be used to regulate users’ privacy within coworking spaces. The findings also show that understanding behavioral mediums such as personal space and territoriality and their conscious consideration in the design of coworking spaces may allow supportive working environments that respond to a wider range of users’ privacy needs. The ideas discussed in this paper seek to provide architects and interior designers with a guide to address numerous privacy issues, not only in coworking spaces but also other comparable innovation centers that may emerge in future economies.

Various factors affect the degree of mass crime of an environment, including social, economic, and physical factors. The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the physical components of an environment on mass crime rate. In this regard, open spaces between residential complexes were selected as the case studies and based on five outdoor patterns including linear pattern, dispersed pattern and open central courtyard pattern and closed central courtyard pattern, as well as molecular pattern in five residential complexes, was selected in Shiraz city. The analytical tool in this research is syntactic theory, and analyses were carried out using Depthmap software. In this study, four indicators of "physical accessibility", "visual accessibility", "local access" and "universal access" as a research framework were formulated and case studies were analyzed based on them. Finally, an optimal final pattern with the lowest probability of mass crime is presented and the corresponding solutions are explained. The results of the study on the effect of outdoor design on providing space security with regard to the spatial access indicators showed that among the five proposed patterns, the central yard pattern and the closed central courtyard had the largest rate of space security. Other patterns including dispersed, linear and molecular patterns are in the next positions, respectively.

It is universally agreed concept that education is a corner s tone for socio economic transformation.  Education has been recognized as weapon to fight backwardness, poverty and illiteracy for ages. Experience have shown that all the good benefit of education has been assured only when there is quality education. However, there are visible indicators that education quality has not been s till achieved in the entire world. Particularly, education quality in developing countries is perceived as discouraging. Hence, the sharp decline of education quality is becoming major concern for developing countries like Ethiopia. This is also more serious concern in emerging regions like Gambella regional s tate where mos t people share pas toralism way of life. It is also unders tandable fact that there are locally known spatial and non-spatial factors that affect education quality. Therefore, the main objective of this s tudy was to identify spatial and non-spatial factors that influence educational quality of primary schools in emerging regions. As methodological approach, the s tudy was used descriptive design approach with mix of qualitative and quantitative method. The main data sources were both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from spatial and non-spatial data sources. The spatial information was mainly collected from GPS reading, aerial photo and land use plan. Non spatial primary data were collected using interviews and discussions. The perceptions and reflections of key informants (teachers, students, principals and parents) were entertained by using focus group discussion, key informant interview and public hearings. The secondary data sources were collected by means of desk review. As result, the study was found that education quality in the city is weakening. The underlying causes are, low teachers motivation level, high students- teacher ratio, high students- section ratio, lack of instructional materials, lack of infras tructure and facilities. From the spatial perspective, the education institutions are an unevenly dis tributed that students from the central part of the city are more advantageous. 

The center of Amman (Downtown) is one of the most marvelous sites in Jordan as it represents a wide range of heritage through time and space. However, the Downtown suffers from severe disorders in terms of negative urban development due to the cross cutting cultures between the past and present. Despite of its historical and cultural richness, several factors affected the architectural uniformity of the area. The successive cultural effect is clearly marked in the downtown of Amman. Political factors, such as the arrival of the Iraqi and Syrian refugees, significantly controlled the urban planning development in a heterogeneous way created poor and overcrowded areas of immigrants due to many residential abusive areas. Moreover, the lack of innovation and maintenance of the entire downtown area with no changes through time in addition to the lack of awareness made the downtown unable to response to various emergencies. Natural hazards threats for examples earthquakes and floods are considered as a big challenge influencing the urban, economic and cultural development process, particularly due its location in a valley surrounded by seven hills. The current study focuses on finding solutions to overcome the mufti-folds of risk surrounding the area. Recommendations are put forwards for decision makers to maintain the Amman Downtown form further degradation.

 The main objective of this paper is to assess the effects of architectural components on residential complex to achieve a desirable rate of privacy for the residents. Privacy is a process in which the transactions among individuals can be adjus ted by means of providing a suitable relationship between people and their built environment. In addition, since the transaction between the behavior of residents and their built environment is undeniable, providing suitable personal spaces in the residential complex can efficiently improve the satisfaction rate of residents with respect to the privacy which seems to be very essential in urbanized regions with crowded populations. Following this, the present s tudy was aimed to survey the effects of architectural components on personal spaces and boundaries of the residential complex, located in Tabriz. So, the research hypothesis was made to better unders tand the perception of personal spaces for different groups of residents. The results showed that the perception of personal spaces in residential complexes can be varied depending on different genders and various age groups of residents. Meanwhile, the fixed furniture in the corner of green space decreased the satisfaction rate for both females and males up to the middle age. In addition, the satisfaction rate of females with respect to the item of internal yard increased by increasing their age. Females were observed to be satisfied with the item of semi-open wall among communal spaces at all ages.

The coastal landscape is relatively new and complex category that offers the potential of sharing the sciences of architecture, perspective, nature and the environment, tourism and hospitality, beyond their physical effects on one another, their widespread effects in enhancing identity and the quality of the architectural atmosphere cannot be ignored. Approaches to greeting with beaches in Islamic countries have impressive impact on the interaction of the people in the statistical societies of those countries with coastal landscape architecture. The shores in Islamic countries are controversial textures that according to the formulated policy of each country, how to dealing with are changed. The purpose of this study is analyzing coastal landscape architecture and its position in Islamic countries Like Iran, spatial organization of coastal landscape and the equal use of men and women on the coasts of Iran by analytical-descriptive research method. One of the most important issues is the lack of gender-balanced psychological and spatial use of these coastlines. In many beachfronts, women are ignored and no location, zoning or privacy have been considered for them. In some parts of the coastline, some projects called ‘Salem Sazi’ have created for women which unfortunately pay little attention to elements of architecture, landscaping, aesthetics and the performance is very limited and in no way is it in the dignity of the Iranian lady and Iranian family.