درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

During the life of humans on earth, there has been no subject more interesting and complicated than death. The knowledge and understanding of what will happen to a person after death form the basis of most religions in the world, which have since been referred to as religious matters or religious experiences. The issue of death is so important in many societies that it has caused the birth of schools of thought and, as a result, the growth of various religions and cults. Burial customs include the structure of the graves, the direction, and condition of human or animal skeletons, and the placement of objects in the graves. The Iron Age in Iran and Guilan is divided into three sections: Iron Age I, II, and III. This Period includes from 1500 B.C. to 550 B.C., of course, some archaeologists believe the existence of Iron Age IV, which continues until the middle of the Parthian period (the End of 1st Millennium B.C.). All major discoveries from selected Iron Age sites in the area of Guilan have been explained and classified. In this research, a new attempt has been made to review the religious experience and ritual practices regarding the repeatability of ancient cemeteries of Talesh during the Iron Ages. The main aim of this article is to identify the Iron Age Burial culture in Guilan. This investigation shows that the society’s People of Iron age in the area of Talesh have social Rank and Status but the factor of Gender is not important in classifying their classes. 

Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize the field of archaeology by enabling researchers to analyze large amounts of data quickly and accurately. In this article, we have tried to implement some methods and algorithms in image processing on the image of ancient artifacts. We implemented the algorithms on two historical models as examples, one of which is the image of a coin decorated with the image of Farkhan the Great and the other is the coin with the image of Khursheed Daboui to obtain the details of these works from the images on the computer. We used Edge Detection, Hough Transform, imcontour, and Filter Images Using Predefined Filters algorithms in MATLAB software, each of these algorithms is used for specific purposes in image processing. By using digital image analysis techniques, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the objects and sites they are studying and can make new and important discoveries about the history and culture of ancient civilizations.

In recent years there has been a growing interest among historians, historical martial artists, reenactors, and those who are interested in Eastern culture as well as in Persian offensive and defensive weapons to have a more detailed study of armor. The change in the paradigm of defensive weapons throughout Western Asia (the last quarter of the 15th to the first quarter of the 16th century) has not yet been fully investigated. Reconstruction of mail-and-plate armor from a period between 1540-1650 CE is quite challenging as most museums or major private collections do not have a complete set. Based on a detailed study of existing sets of joshan armor and several technical assumptions related to the design of this type of armor, the present study tries to reconstruct a fully protective complex of a joshan armor that was worn by a noble Persian warrior. The purpose of the following article is to reproduce a Persian mail-and-plate armor from a period between 1540-1650 CE in its original size and design with its inherent properties and qualities. Different existing sets of this type of armor from museums are studied and compared to different miniatures and literary sources. Based on the collected information gained from theoretical and practical research, the article presents a historical armor design and provides advice on the practical reconstruction and production of such a set of armor. Armor masters were looking for the best combinations and ratio of plates and mail armor in one set. They were experimenting with the shapes and sizes of plates, the number of holes, diameters, geometry, and method of ring interconnections. Characteristic of the armor of this period is rather large plates and a small number of their rows (3-5 rows on the chest/back), a small overlap of the plates in a row, basically only the same standard plates are used, large mail rings (inner diameter about 10 mm).

Dakkato al-Qadaa is a place in the Kufa mosque where, according to historical narration, Hazrat Ali (pbuh) used to judge and many of his judgments were narrated in this place. The study of this place is important in terms of the role that mosques have played in various aspects of the spiritual and material life of Muslims. This place can be researched in several ways: the historical reference of the place; the ancient aspect of the remaining signs; Jurisprudential rulings related to judgment in the mosque. According to the studies that were carried out, such a place definitely existed in the history of Islam, and even now there are signs of it in the mosque of Kufa, which is honored and celebrated by the Shiites of the Prophet, which is one of the characteristics of The richness of Islamic civilization is in terms of judicial functions. The knowledge of this specific place depends on the knowledge of the mosque of Kufa on the one hand and the examination of the place of mosques in the Islamic culture and civilization and how proceedings were conducted in the early ages of Islam. This article is organized with a descriptive and analytical method using the remaining written documents and physical works available in the place.

Stories are rooted in the cultural beliefs of every nation, especially the mythological stories that originated from the ethnic and national unconscious according to Jung. The objective of the present study was to analyze the Azeri story "Malik Mohammad, Malik Ahmad and Malik Jamshid" based on Joseph Campbell's hero journey's theory (1987-1904). The significance of this study is the cultural and mythological importance of folk tales and Campbell's theory. This study was conducted as interdisciplinary by descriptive-analytical method. The question is; How do the stages of the above story match Campbell's hero journey? What are the most important mythological symbols of this story? Hypothesis Given the mythological nature of this story, although not all stages of the hero journey can be applied, it definitely has many stages, and many mythological symbols can be found and analyzed. Some of the study results; due to the Oedipus complex in the hero (Malik Mohammad), instead of him reaching unity with the father with the help of the goddess, the father of the earth (the king) is in love with the mother, and he, with the connivance of the goddess, prevented the two from reaching each other. Therefore, the stage of his oneness with the father is not complete. Also, this folk tale, with its simple plot, lacks stages of the hero's refusal of the return, magic flight and rescue from without to bring the hero back, and the hero simply returns to society.

The article reviews chivalry traditions, developed in ancient Iran, and their transition and transformation to the country’s post-Islamic history. The author analyses the cultural mechanisms, which provided this movement, and argues that its roots and prerequisites should have taken place in Great Khorāsān at the very turn of the ‘Abbāsid revolt in the middle of the century CE. This was a period when an external call activated forces and facilities, preserved in the stratum of Iranian knights, to become the basis for the later military evolution within the new circumstances. The cultural importance of Khorāsān for the Iranian state and rule at the turn of the Muslim era is reflected in written texts. The early muslim period in Great Khorāsān was a special time as Iranian predominance mingled with multicultural traditions in the boundary region. The topic is presented in a wide context including Irasnian literary, artistic, and artisanal sources, helping to visualize the historical backdround of Iran. This is based on philosophical doctrines for Iranian cultural developement proposed by contemporary scholars.

A study of the arrow guide or nāvak in Iran. It covers the technical aspects of arrow guides and how they may have entered Iran. In Persian, arrow guides are called nāvak and their projectiles are called tīr-e nāvak. However, sometimes nāvak is used for the arrow as well, and even the bow. It also covers how outside cultures viewed Iran as a source of innovation in the further development of these devices. In Arabic they are called majrā and this is the term most familiar in the west due to two important translations of Arabic archery manuals into English, Arab Archery and Saracen Archery, but they were mentioned earlier as nāvak in an English translation of part of the Hidāyat ar-Rāmī, where they were mistakenly described as crossbows. Essentially, an arrow guide is a partially closed tube used with a bow to shoot a short arrow drawn much farther than its length would normally allow. This produces a projectile that has increased velocity and less friction through the air than a regular arrow. The arrow guide has had a long history in Iran, probably entering in the last years of the Sasanian Dynasty, surviving the Arab conquest and persisting until the gradual takeover by firearms. It was fertile ground for invention with many variations being spread across the Islamic world. The persistent association with Iran in Arabic archery manuals reflects the perception that much of its development was tied to Persian users. Here, Persian and Arabic sources are examined. Reference is made to original artefacts and reconstructions.